Table 7.
Baseline Study Characteristics.
| Overall N = 385 |
TDM intervention N = 192 |
Control N = 193 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 63.5 (8.8) | 64.2 (9.0) | 62.9 (8.5) |
| Gender, observed | |||
| Male | 356 (92.5) | 176 (91.7) | 180 (93.3) |
| Female | 29 (7.5) | 16 (8.3) | 13 (6.7) |
| Marital statusd | |||
| Married | 219 (57.0) | 115 (60.2) | 104 (53.9) |
| Living together, committed relationship |
6 (1.6) | 2 (1.0) | 4 (2.1) |
| Divorced/separated | 110 (28.6) | 50 (26.2) | 60 (31.1) |
| Widowed | 17 (4.4) | 8 (4.2) | 9 (4.7) |
| Single, never married | 32 (8.3) | 16 (8.4) | 16 (8.3) |
| Latino(a) or Hispanic origin/descentd |
|||
| Yes | 13 (3.4) | 9 (4.8) | 4 (2.1) |
| No | 366 (96.6) | 179 (95.2) | 187 (97.9) |
| Raced | |||
| White | 129 (33.8) | 68 (35.6) | 61 (31.9) |
| Black | 236 (61.8) | 111 (58.1) | 125 (65.4) |
| Other | 17 (4.5) | 12 (6.3) | 5 (2.6) |
| Highest level of education | |||
| Less than high school graduate | 27 (7.0) | 14 (7.3) | 13 (6.7) |
| High school graduate or GED | 108 (28.1) | 60 (31.3) | 48 (24.9) |
| Some college or technical school | 160 (41.6) | 78 (40.6) | 82 (42.5) |
| College graduate | 59 (15.3) | 26 (13.5) | 33 (17.1) |
| Post college education | 31 (8.1) | 14 (7.3) | 17 (8.8) |
| REALMd | |||
| Less than 60 | 93 (24.5) | 40 (21.3) | 53 (27.7) |
| 60 or more | 286 (75.5) | 148 (78.7) | 138 (72.3) |
| Household financial situationd | |||
| After paying the bills, you still have enough money for special things that you want |
142 (37.3) | 74 (38.9) | 68 (35.6) |
| You have enough money to pay the bills, but little spare money to buy extra or special things |
155 (40.7) | 68 (35.8) | 87 (45.5) |
| You have money to pay the bills, but only because you have to cut back on things |
47 (12.3) | 27 (14.2) | 20 (10.5) |
| You are having difficulty paying the bills, no matter what you do |
37 (9.7) | 21 (11.1) | 16 (8.4) |
| Current living situation | |||
| Own home/apartment | 364 (94.5) | 184 (95.8) | 180 (93.3) |
| No stable residence | 21 (5.5) | 8 (4.2) | 13 (6.7) |
| Blood relative(s) with high blood pressure |
|||
| Yes | 305 (79.2) | 150 (78.1) | 155 (80.3) |
| No | 36 (9.4) | 16 (8.3) | 20 (10.4) |
| Don’t know | 44 (11.4) | 26 (13.5) | 18 (9.3) |
| Ever smoked or used tobacco products |
|||
| Yes | 283 (73.5) | 142 (74.0) | 141 (73.1) |
| No | 102 (26.5) | 50 (26.0) | 52 (26.9) |
| Smoked or used tobacco products in past 6 monthsd |
|||
| Yes | 108 (28.1) | 49 (25.7) | 59 (30.6) |
| No | 276 (71.9) | 142 (74.3) | 134 (69.4) |
| Current smokerd | |||
| Yes | 94 (24.5) | 45 (23.6) | 49 (25.4) |
| No | 290 (75.5) | 146 (76.4) | 144 (74.6) |
| Diabetes | |||
| Yes | 220 (57.1) | 109 (56.8) | 111 (57.5) |
| No | 165 (42.9) | 83 (43.2) | 82 (42.5) |
| Satisfied with BP controla,d, mean (SD) |
6.2 (2.8) | 6.1 (2.7) | 6.2 (2.8) |
| Average systolic BPb, mean (SD) | 143.6 (17.6) | 143.5 (17.7) | 143.7 (17.5) |
| Average diastolic BPb, mean (SD) | 79.9 (13.6) | 79.4 (14.6) | 80.3 (12.4) |
| Systolic BP statuse | |||
| Significantly out of control | 180 (46.8) | 88 (45.8) | 92 (47.7) |
| Moderately out of control | 115 (29.9) | 57 (29.7) | 58 (30.1) |
| In control | 90 (23.4) | 47 (24.5) | 43 (22.3) |
| Have someone to help with tasks, if neededd |
|||
| Yes | 337 (88.2) | 163 (85.3) | 174 (91.1) |
| No | 45 (11.8) | 28 (14.7) | 17 (8.9) |
| Medication adherence on modified BP medication adherencec |
|||
| Non-adherent | 164 (42.6) | 82 (42.7) | 82 (42.5) |
| Adherent | 221 (57.4) | 110 (57.3) | 111 (57.5) |
| Health professionals control my healthd |
|||
| Strongly agree | 66 (17.2) | 37 (19.4) | 29 (15.1) |
| Agree | 148 (38.6) | 73 (38.2) | 75 (39.1) |
| Disagree | 131 (34.2) | 60 (31.4) | 71 (37.0) |
| Strongly disagree | 38 (9.9) | 21 (11.0) | 17 (8.9) |
SD = standard deviation, BP = blood pressure, REALM = Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine
Note. n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Scale of 1–10, with 1 = definitely not satisfied and 10 = definitely satisfied
Average of three blood pressure measurements taken at baseline
Assessed using Morisky self-reported adherence measure. A positive response to at least one question indicated non-adherence.
Missing data: note, unless otherwise indicated, responses of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ were considered missing. Information is missing as follows: marital status-1, race-3, Latino(a)/Hispanic origin- 6, household finances-4, smoker, current and 6mo-1, satisfaction with blood pressure control-1, REALM-6, Help with tasks- 3, Health professionals control my health-2
Significantly out of control: systolic BP ≥ 140 for diabetics and ≥ 150 for those without diabetes; Moderately out of control: systolic BP ≥ 130 for diabetics and ≥ 140 for those without diabetes; In control: systolic BP < 130 for diabetics and < 140 for those without diabetes