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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2016 Jul 18;26(9):654–662. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.07.004

TABLE 2.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between patterns of oral contraceptive (OC) use and ovarian cancer, stratified by menopausal status, the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study, 2010-2016

Pre-menopausal Postmenopausal All Women

Cases
n=168
n (%)
Controls
n=218
n (%)
OR* 95% CI Cases
n=451
n (%)
Controls
n=506
n (%)
OR* 95% CI Cases
n=619
n (%)
Controls
724
n (%)
OR* 95% CI
OC use
  Non-user 38 (22.6) 37 (17.0) 1.0 Referent 140 (31.0) 107 (21.2) 1.0 Referent0. 178 (28.8) 144 (19.9) 1.0 Referent
  User 130 (77.4) 181 (83.0) 0.6 (0.4–1.2) 311 (69.0) 399 (78.9) 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 441 (71.2) 580 (80.1) 0.7 (0.5–0. 9)
  p for interaction 0.95
Years of OC use
  <1 25 (14.9) 36 (16.5) 0.7 (0.3–1.6) 71 (15.7) 73 (14.4) 0.8 (0.6–1.3) 96 (15.5) 109 (15.1) 0.8 (0. 6–1.2)
  1 – <5 48 (28.6) 69 (31.6) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 113 (25.1) 153 (30.2) 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 161 (26.0) 222 (30.7) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
  5 – <10 27 (16.1) 36 (16.5) 0.7 (0.3–1.5) 70 (15.5) 87 (17.2) 0.7 (0.5–1.1) 97 (15.7) 123 (17.0) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  ≥10 30 (17.9) 40 (18.4) 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 57 (12.6) 86 (17.0) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 87 (14.0) 126 (17.4) 0.6 (0.4–0..9)
  p-trend 0.18 0.005 0.004
  p for interaction 0.93
Age at first OC use
  <20 97 (57.7) 118 (54.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 119 (26.4) 210 (41.5) 0.5 (0.3–0.7) 216 (34.9) 328 (45.3) 0.6 (0.5–0.9)
  20 – 24 24 (14.3) 46 (21.1) 0.4 (0.2–0.9) 133 (29.5) 137 (27.1) 0.8 (0.5–1.1) 157 (25.4) 183 (25.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  ≥25 9 (5.4) 17 (7.8) 0.4 (0.1–1.1) 59 (13.1) 52 (10.3) 1.0 (0.6–1.5) 68 (11.0) 69 (9.5) 0.8 (0. 6–1.3)
  p-trend 0.01 0.84 0.23
  p for interaction 0.01
Age at last OC use
  <20 33 (19.6) 39 (17.9) 1.0 (0.5–2.2) 34 (7.5) 57 (11.3) 0.5 (0.3–0.9) 67 (10.8) 96 (13.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.1)
  20 – 24 40 (23.8) 50 (22.9) 0.7 (0.3–1.5) 99 (22.0) 122 (24.1) 0.7 (0.5–1.1) 139 (22.5) 172 (23.8) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  25 – 29 20 (11.9) 35 (16.1) 0.5 (0.2–1.2) 69 (15.3) 87 (17.2) 0.7 (0.5–1.1) 89 (14.4) 122 (16.9) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  ≥30 37 (22.0) 57 (26.2) 0.5 (0.2–1.0) 109 (24.2) 133 (26.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 146 (23.6) 190 (26.2) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
  p-trend 0.01 0.08 0.01
  p for interaction 0.50
Years since first use
  >20 104 (61.9) 119 (54.5) 0.7 (0.4–1.4) 305 (67.6) 394 (77.9) 0.67 (0.5–0.9) 409 (66.1) 513 (70.9) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
  ≤20 26 (15.5) 62 (28.4) 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 6 (1.3) 5 (1.0) 1.44 (0.4–5.3) 32 (5.2) 67 (9.3) 0.6 (0.3–1.1)
  p-trend 0.08 0.03 0.007
  p for interaction 0.24
Years since last use
  >20 78 (46.4) 66 (30.3) 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 278 (61.6) 356 (70.4) 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 356 (57.5) 422 (58.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  10 – 20 29 (17.3) 56 (25.7) 0.4 (0.2–0.9) 26 (5.8) 32 (6.3) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 55 (8.9) 88 (12.2) 0.6 (0.4–0.9)
  <10 23 (13.7) 59 (27.1) 0.3 (0.2–0.7) 7 (1.6) 11 (2.2) 0.7 (0.3–2.1) 30 (4.9) 70 (9.7) 0.5 (0.3–0.8)
  p-trend 0.0009 0.10 0.002
  p for interaction 0.06
Duration of use/
years since last use
  <5 yrs/any 73 (43.5) 105 (48.2) 0.7 (0.3–1.2) 184 (40.8) 226 (44.7) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 257 (41.5) 331 (45.7) 0.7 (0.5–1.0)
  ≥5 yrs/ ≥10 yrs ago 40 (23.8) 46 (21.1) 0.7 (0.3–1.4) 123 (27.3) 165 (32.6) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 163 (26.3) 211 (29.1) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
  ≥ 5yrs/<10 yrs ago 17 (10.1) 30 (13.8) 0.5 (0.2–1.3) 4 (0.9) 8 (1.6) 0.6 (0.2–2.0) 21 (3.4) 38 (5.3) 0.6 (0.3–1.2)
  p for interaction 0.81
*

OR adjusted for study site, age, family history of breast or ovarian cancer in first degree relative, age at menarche, tubal ligation, body mass index, and number of full-term pregnancies.

Non-users are the referent group for all comparisons

p for interaction based on product term for menopausal status and each individual reproductive variable