TABLE 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between patterns of oral contraceptive (OC) use and ovarian cancer, stratified by menopausal status, the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study, 2010-2016
| Pre-menopausal | Postmenopausal | All Women | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases n=168 n (%) |
Controls n=218 n (%) |
OR* | 95% CI | Cases n=451 n (%) |
Controls n=506 n (%) |
OR* | 95% CI | Cases n=619 n (%) |
Controls 724 n (%) |
OR* | 95% CI | |
| OC use | ||||||||||||
| Non-user† | 38 (22.6) | 37 (17.0) | 1.0 | Referent | 140 (31.0) | 107 (21.2) | 1.0 | Referent0. | 178 (28.8) | 144 (19.9) | 1.0 | Referent |
| User | 130 (77.4) | 181 (83.0) | 0.6 | (0.4–1.2) | 311 (69.0) | 399 (78.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) | 441 (71.2) | 580 (80.1) | 0.7 | (0.5–0. 9) |
| p for interaction‡ | 0.95 | |||||||||||
| Years of OC use | ||||||||||||
| <1 | 25 (14.9) | 36 (16.5) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 71 (15.7) | 73 (14.4) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.3) | 96 (15.5) | 109 (15.1) | 0.8 | (0. 6–1.2) |
| 1 – <5 | 48 (28.6) | 69 (31.6) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.3) | 113 (25.1) | 153 (30.2) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) | 161 (26.0) | 222 (30.7) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
| 5 – <10 | 27 (16.1) | 36 (16.5) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.5) | 70 (15.5) | 87 (17.2) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | 97 (15.7) | 123 (17.0) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| ≥10 | 30 (17.9) | 40 (18.4) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.2) | 57 (12.6) | 86 (17.0) | 0.6 | (0.4–0.9) | 87 (14.0) | 126 (17.4) | 0.6 | (0.4–0..9) |
| p-trend | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.004 | |||||||||
| p for interaction | 0.93 | |||||||||||
| Age at first OC use | ||||||||||||
| <20 | 97 (57.7) | 118 (54.1) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 119 (26.4) | 210 (41.5) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.7) | 216 (34.9) | 328 (45.3) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) |
| 20 – 24 | 24 (14.3) | 46 (21.1) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.9) | 133 (29.5) | 137 (27.1) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.1) | 157 (25.4) | 183 (25.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| ≥25 | 9 (5.4) | 17 (7.8) | 0.4 | (0.1–1.1) | 59 (13.1) | 52 (10.3) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.5) | 68 (11.0) | 69 (9.5) | 0.8 | (0. 6–1.3) |
| p-trend | 0.01 | 0.84 | 0.23 | |||||||||
| p for interaction | 0.01 | |||||||||||
| Age at last OC use | ||||||||||||
| <20 | 33 (19.6) | 39 (17.9) | 1.0 | (0.5–2.2) | 34 (7.5) | 57 (11.3) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9) | 67 (10.8) | 96 (13.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) |
| 20 – 24 | 40 (23.8) | 50 (22.9) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.5) | 99 (22.0) | 122 (24.1) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | 139 (22.5) | 172 (23.8) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| 25 – 29 | 20 (11.9) | 35 (16.1) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.2) | 69 (15.3) | 87 (17.2) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | 89 (14.4) | 122 (16.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| ≥30 | 37 (22.0) | 57 (26.2) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.0) | 109 (24.2) | 133 (26.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 146 (23.6) | 190 (26.2) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
| p-trend | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| p for interaction | 0.50 | |||||||||||
| Years since first use | ||||||||||||
| >20 | 104 (61.9) | 119 (54.5) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.4) | 305 (67.6) | 394 (77.9) | 0.67 | (0.5–0.9) | 409 (66.1) | 513 (70.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
| ≤20 | 26 (15.5) | 62 (28.4) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.1) | 6 (1.3) | 5 (1.0) | 1.44 | (0.4–5.3) | 32 (5.2) | 67 (9.3) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.1) |
| p-trend | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.007 | |||||||||
| p for interaction | 0.24 | |||||||||||
| Years since last use | ||||||||||||
| >20 | 78 (46.4) | 66 (30.3) | 1.3 | (0.6–2.6) | 278 (61.6) | 356 (70.4) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) | 356 (57.5) | 422 (58.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| 10 – 20 | 29 (17.3) | 56 (25.7) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.9) | 26 (5.8) | 32 (6.3) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.6) | 55 (8.9) | 88 (12.2) | 0.6 | (0.4–0.9) |
| <10 | 23 (13.7) | 59 (27.1) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.7) | 7 (1.6) | 11 (2.2) | 0.7 | (0.3–2.1) | 30 (4.9) | 70 (9.7) | 0.5 | (0.3–0.8) |
| p-trend | 0.0009 | 0.10 | 0.002 | |||||||||
| p for interaction | 0.06 | |||||||||||
|
Duration of use/ years since last use |
||||||||||||
| <5 yrs/any | 73 (43.5) | 105 (48.2) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.2) | 184 (40.8) | 226 (44.7) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 257 (41.5) | 331 (45.7) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| ≥5 yrs/ ≥10 yrs ago | 40 (23.8) | 46 (21.1) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.4) | 123 (27.3) | 165 (32.6) | 0.6 | (0.4–0.9) | 163 (26.3) | 211 (29.1) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
| ≥ 5yrs/<10 yrs ago | 17 (10.1) | 30 (13.8) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.3) | 4 (0.9) | 8 (1.6) | 0.6 | (0.2–2.0) | 21 (3.4) | 38 (5.3) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.2) |
| p for interaction | 0.81 | |||||||||||
*
OR adjusted for study site, age, family history of breast or ovarian cancer in first degree relative, age at menarche, tubal ligation, body mass index, and number of full-term pregnancies.
†
Non-users are the referent group for all comparisons
‡
p for interaction based on product term for menopausal status and each individual reproductive variable