Quality of life over 2-year follow-up of early-stage breast cancer patients, by surgery type (breast-conserving surgery [BCS] or mastectomy) and receipt of chemotherapy. Least squares means, shown here, were derived from four separate linear regression models (run separately for each of the four interviews after definitive surgical treatment). Each model was adjusted for the following covariates: age, race, education, marital status, body mass index, social support, comorbidity, history of depression, surgical-side-effects severity, cancer stage, and receipt of radiation and endocrine therapy.