Table 2.

List of human and mouse astrocyte markers.

Marker Name	Role/Localization	Reference
Aldolase C (Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C)	Targets glycolysis	Li et al., 2013; Roybon et al., 2013
Aquaporin-4	Perivascular membranes of astrocytes	Gee and Keller, 2005; Kuegler et al., 2010; Roybon et al., 2013; Kleiderman et al., 2016
A2B5 (c-series ganglioside-specific antigen)	Astrocyte precursors and type 2 astrocytes	Dietrich et al., 2002; Kuegler et al., 2010; Hayashi et al., 2011; Kleiderman et al., 2016
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member L1	ALDH1L1 and GLT1 are co-expressed in the same population of astrocytes; Appears at mid-embryogenesis	Cahoy et al., 2008; Rowitch and Kriegstein, 2010; Roybon et al., 2013
Bystin	Stains reactive astrocytes	Sheng et al., 2004
Connexin 43	Astrocyte specific marker in the human brain	Lovatt et al., 2007; Fatemi et al., 2008
Glial fibrillary acid protein	Low GFAP at a quiescent state and High GFAP in mature state	Ghandour et al., 1980; Rodnight et al., 1997; Kuegler et al., 2010; Roybon et al., 2013; Kleiderman et al., 2016
GLT-1∗	Early astrocytes; Postnatal marker	Chaudhry et al., 1995; Kuegler et al., 2010; Roybon et al., 2013; Kleiderman et al., 2016
GLAST 1	Mature astrocytes; Appears at mid-embryogenesis	Chaudhry et al., 1995; Kuegler et al., 2010; Roybon et al., 2013; Kleiderman et al., 2016
Nuclear factor 1A	Gliogenic switch	Roybon et al., 2013
Nestin	Reactive glial cells	Classic marker
Glycogen phosphorylase	Astrocyte specific marker in the human brain	Pfeiffer et al., 1992
S100β	Early astrocyte marker	Burette et al., 1998; Carlén et al., 2009; Kuegler et al., 2010; Kleiderman et al., 2016.
Vimentin	Canonical marker	Deneen et al., 2006; Roybon et al., 2013

Based on the available data, this simplified table shows the identified astroglial markers in current trend. The onset of expression varies in different regions of the CNS. ^∗ in rodents: Excitatory amino acid transporter 2.