Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Sep 26;3(5):ENEURO.0186-16.2016. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0186-16.2016

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2016 Goyer et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — Carbachol application elicits transient depolarization and inward current in SBCs. A–C, Identification and characterization of SBCs. A, Maximum intensity z-projection of confocal stacks from a biocytin–streptavidin-labeled SBC. Scale bar, 25 µm. B, Current-clamp recording of a P17 SBC; stimulus is shown below. SBCs typically fire one to two APs upon suprathreshold depolarizing currents and show a pronounced voltage sag upon hyperpolarizing currents (asterisk). Calibration: 40 mV, 40 ms (top); 0.4 nA (bottom). C, The synaptic currents recorded were elicited by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in the same SBC as in B; −60 mV holding potential. The succession of two EPSCs shows clear depression, typical for SBCs in vitro (stimulus artifacts removed). Calibration: 500 pA and 5 ms. D–G, Transient effects of carbachol-mediated nAChR activation. D, Example traces of current-clamp recordings with puff application of carbachol (Carb; application time is marked by a black arrow). Di–iv, The transient depolarization elicited by the carbachol puff (i) was abolished when the slice had been superfused with D-TC, a general nAChR blocker (ii); or with MLA, a specific α7 nAChR blocker (iii); and with the puffing only the vehicle (ACSF) yielded no effect (iv). Calibration: 1 mV and 500 ms (applies to all traces). E, Population data for SBC current-clamp recordings. Asterisks indicate significant difference compared with the carbachol condition (p < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc test; carbachol, n = 13; Carb+DTC, n = 8; Carb+MLA, n = 4, ACSF only n = 5). F, Example traces of voltage-clamp recordings at −60 mV holding potential with carbachol application (application time marked by a black arrow). Fi–iv, SBCs showed a transient inward current upon carbachol application (i), which was abolished under blocker washin of D-TC (ii) and MLA (iii); and no current was observed upon puff application of the vehicle only (iv). Calibration: i, 50 pA and 20 pA; ii–iv, 50 pA and 500 ms. G, Population data for SBC voltage-clamp recordings. Asterisks indicate significant difference compared with carbachol condition (p < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc test; carbachol, n = 19; Carb+DTC, n = 7; Carb+MLA, n = 4; ACSF only, n = 4).