Table 1.
Demographic and cognitive evaluation
| NfvPPA (n = 34) Baseline | NfvPPA (n = 34) Follow-up | Controls (n = 72) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.6 (7.8) | 69.6 (7.9) | 64.8 (6.5) |
| Gender (F/M) | 21/13 | 21/13 | 39/33 |
| Handedness (R/L) | 32/2 | 32/2 | 62/10 |
| Education | 16.1 (2.9) | 16.1 (2.9) | 17.5 (2.0) |
| Disease duration | 3.57 (1.43) | 4.6 (1.5) | N/A |
| MMSE (30) | 25.0 (4.5)* | 20.7 (7.8)† | 29.6 (0.7) |
| CDR Total | 0.48 (0.3)* | 0.79 (0.7)† | N/A |
| Visuospatial function | |||
| Benson copy (17) | 14.6 (2.1)* | 9.9 (3.4)† | 15.8 (1.1) |
| Memory | |||
| Benson Delay (17) | 10.0(3.9)* | 9.9 (4.5)† | 12.2 (2.7) |
| CVLT-MS (10 min) | 5.2 (2.8)* | 4.4 (3.0) | 7.6 (1.2) |
| CVLT-MS (recognition) | 21.5 (7.0)* | 17.9 (8.6)† | 29.4 (4.5) |
| Executive function | |||
| Digit Span Backwards | 3.1 (1.4)* | 2.5 (1.9)† | 5.7 (1.4) |
| Modified Trails (lines /s) | 0.2 (0.2)* | 0.2 (0.2)† | 0.6 (0.2) |
| Language | |||
| Boston Naming Test (15) | 11.5 (2.9)* | 9.9 (4.2)† | 14.5 (0.7) |
| Phonemic Fluency | 4.9 (2.9)* | 3.4 (2.4)† | 17.4 (4.1) |
| Semantic Fluency | 8.5 (4.8)* | 6.9 (5.1)† | 23.7 (5.6) |
| WAB Speech Fluency (10) | 6.4 (2.5)* | 4.9 (3.1)† | 10 (0) |
| Repetition (WAB, 100) | 81.5 (16.7)* | 65.5 (31.3)† | 100 (0) |
| AOS (MSE, 7 max) | 2.6 (2.3)* | 3.6 (2.2)† | 0 (0) |
| Dysarthria (MSE, 7) | 3.0 (2.7)* | 2.9 (2.4) | 0 (0) |
| PPTP (52) | 49.1 (2.7) | 47.3 (4.7) | 51 (0.8) |
| Word Recognition (WAB, 60) | 59.4 (0.9) | 54.0 (12.9)† | 60 (0) |
| Sequential Commands (80) | 70.5 (10.3)* | 61.7 (20.6)† | 80 (0) |
| Syntax Comprehension (55) | 46.5 (6.5)* | 39.9 (10.5)† | 54.8 (0.4) |
*P < 0.05 patients versus controls; †P < 0.05 nvfPPA baseline versus follow-up.
AOS = apraxia of speech; CDR = clinical dementia rating; CVLT-MS = California Verbal Learning Test – Short Form; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MSE = Motor Speech Evaluation; PPTP = Pyramids and Palm Trees test Pictures; WAB = Western Aphasia Battery.