Proposed model for the role of DUS16 in miRNA biogenesis in Chlamydomonas. DUS16 associates, likely cotranscriptionally, with nascent pri-miRNAs. (Upper) In exonic pri-miRNA processing, DCL3-mediated cropping of a stem–loop generates pre-miRNA and cleavage fragments, which are quickly degraded in the wild type. Lack of processing results in exonic pri-miRNA accumulation in dus16-1. (Lower) In intronic pri-miRNA processing, because splicing appears to be unaffected by the DCL3-mediated processing of intronic pri- and/or pre-miRNA, the mature transcript is stably produced irrespective of the presence of functional DUS16. Generated pre-miRNAs may be exported to the cytoplasm and subjected to further processing.