FIG. 5.

Analysis of osteogenic differentiation through ALP enzyme assay and staining. During ALP enzyme assay, shown in (A), all the groups show increase in absorbance readings with increase in time from days 14 to 21. The OM group at the day 14 time point shows significantly (**p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001) higher values than all other groups except BMP-4 10X and BMP-6 10X. Whereas at day 21, all growth factor-containing groups show a rapid increase in ALP production. The OM and CM groups show statistically lower values than the other groups. (B) depicts the ALP staining results for the same group types and the diffused red staining indicates the presence of this enzyme. All groups showed results that are in line with those of the ALP assay during staining (scale bar = 500 μm). ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; OM, osteogenic medium. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tec