Table 3.
General practice utilization determinants in the DCH cohort (n = 54,849) by gender.
| Number of GP visitsa |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (n = 28643) |
Male (n = 26206) |
||||
| Crudeb model IRR (95% CI) | Adjustedc model IRR (95% CI) | Crudeb model IRR (95% CI) | Adjustedc modelIRR (95% CI) | p Valued | |
| Age | – | – | – | – | – |
| 50–54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 55–59 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | 0.98(0.96–1.01) | 1.19 (1.15–1.23) | 1.12(1.08–1.15) | <0.0001 |
| 60–65 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 0.92(0.90–0.95) | 1.36 (1.32–1.42) | 1.14(1.10–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| BMI | – | – | – | – | – |
| Underweight (>18.5 kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.88(0.80–0.97) | 0.65 (0.49–0.87) | 0.81(0.62–1.06) | 0.3728 |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 0.96(0.87–1.06) | 0.74 (0.56–0.99) | 0.87(0.66–1.13) | 0.3654 |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 1.16 (1.04–1.28) | 1.07(0.97–1.18) | 1.02 (0.76–1.35) | 1.03(0.78–1.35) | 0.7656 |
| Alcohol consumption | – | – | – | – | – |
| Below the recommended weekly limit | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Above the recommended weekly limit | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 0.89(0.87–0.91) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 0.96(0.93–0.98) | 0.0002 |
| Smoking status | – | – | – | – | – |
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Previous | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | 1.07(1.04–1.10) | 1.20 (1.15–1.24) | 1.14(1.10–1.18) | <0.0001 |
| Current | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 1.07(1.04–1.10) | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) | 1.13(1.09–1.17) | 0.0006 |
| Physical activity | – | – | – | – | – |
| No leisure time physical activity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Physical active in leisure time | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | 0.96(0.94–0.99) | 0.84 (0.82–0.87) | 0.95(0.93–0.98) | 0.0534 |
| Marital status | – | – | – | – | – |
| Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Divorced | 1.16 (1.10–1.22) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) | 1.06(0.99–1.14) | 0.6682 |
| Widow/widower | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 1.02(0.92–1.14) | 0.3401 |
| Married | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.99(0.94–1.04) | 0.88 (0.83–0.94) | 0.96(0.90–1.02) | 0.3962 |
| Occupational status | – | – | – | – | – |
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Employed | 0.74 (0.72–0.76) | 0.83 (0.81–0.86) | 0.63 (0.61–0.66) | 0.75(0.72–0.78) | <0.0001 |
| Educational status | – | – | – | – | – |
| No vocational training | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Higher education, <3 years | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | 0.89(0.86–0.92) | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | 0.92(0.87–0.98) | 0.5876 |
| Higher education, 3–4 years | 0.78 (0.76–0.81) | 0.87(0.84–0.90) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 0.91(0.86–0.95) | 0.6859 |
| Higher education, >4 years | 0.69 (0.66–0.72) | 0.80(0.77–0.84) | 0.71 (0.67–0.75) | 0.81(0.77–0.85) | 0.3323 |
| Municipal | – | – | – | – | – |
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – |
| Urban | 1.02 (1.01–1.05) | 1.01(0.99–1.03) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.99(0.96–1.02) | 0.1236 |
| Medical conditions | – | – | – | – | – |
| Heart attack | 1.67 (1.48–1.87) | 1.14(1.01–1.27) | 1.77 (1.64–1.92) | 1.15(1.07–1.25) | 0.0147 |
| High cholesterol | 1.39 (1.32–1.45) | 1.19(1.14–1.24) | 1.57 (1.49–1.65) | 1.22(1.16–1.28) | 0.0006 |
| Angina pectoris | 1.60 (1.49–1.72) | 1.21(1.13–1.30) | 1.83 (1.70–1.96) | 1.30(1.21–1.40) | 0.0003 |
| Stroke | 1.54 (1.38–1.71) | 1.24(1.12–1.37) | 1.76 (1.58–1.97) | 1.19(1.07–1.32) | 0.1519 |
| Hypertension | 1.59 (1.54–1.63) | 1.46(1.42–1.50) | 2.12 (2.04–2.20) | 1.86(1.80–1.94) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 1.83 (1.68–2.00) | 1.48(1.36–1.60) | 2.09 (1.92–2.27) | 1.57(1.45–1.70) | 0.0096 |
| Gallstones | 1.33 (1.28–1.39) | 1.18(1.13–1.23) | 1.30 (1.18–1.43) | 1.13(1.03–1.24) | 0.7863 |
| Intestinal polyps | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | 1.12(1.05–1.19) | 1.24 (1.15–1.34) | 1.20(1.12–1.28) | 0.0312 |
| Mental illness | 1.56 (1.50–1.63) | 1.45(1.39–1.50) | 2.03 (1.89–2.19) | 1.87(1.75–2.01) | <0.0001 |
| History of cancer in the family | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.03(1.01–1.06) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.01(0.98–1.04) | 0.2401 |
| Hormone therapy use | – | – | – | – | – |
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | – | – |
| Previous or current user | 1.31 (1.28–1.34) | 1.29(1.26–1.32) | – | – | – |
| Number of pregnancies | – | – | – | – | – |
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | – | – |
| 1 | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 1.07(1.01–1.12) | – | – | – |
| 2 | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | 1.07(1.02–1.12) | – | – | – |
| 3 | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | 1.08(1.03–1.13) | – | – | – |
| 4 | 1.15 (1.10–1.21) | 1.08(1.03–1.14) | – | – | – |
| 5 | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) | 1.11(1.05–1.18) | – | – | – |
| 6 | 1.29 (1.19–1.39) | 1.13(1.05–1.22) | – | – | – |
| 7 | 1.36 (1.20–1.53) | 1.19(1.06–1.33) | – | – | – |
| 8 | 1.38 (1.19–1.61) | 1.21(1.05–1.40) | – | – | – |
a
Consultations and home-visits.
b
Adjusted for age.
c
Fully adjusted model.
d
p Value for interaction between gender and given covariate.