Table 4. Characteristics of infants with PNAC.
| PNAC | No PNAC | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS 1st WEEK | |||
| CONSERVATIVE PERIOD | |||
| Parenteral | (n = 35)c | (n = 42)d | |
| Total days on PN | 52 [39–63] | 29 [22–38] | 0.000 |
| Glucose (g/kg/d) | 5.1 [4.5–5.5] | 5.4 [4.6–6.0] | 0.201 |
| Protein (g/kg/d) | 1.8 [1.5–2.5] | 1.9 [1.4–2.5] | 0.883 |
| Lipids (g/kg/d) | 1.1 [1.2–1.4] | 1.2 [1.1 –1.6] | 0.725 |
| Fluids (ml/kg/d) | 130 [118–142] | 122 [106–138] | 0.141 |
| Enteral | |||
| Energy (kcal/kg/week) | 4.1 [2.6–7.0] | 6.4 [3.4–12.9] | 0.005 |
| Fluids (ml/kg/d) | 8.0 [6.5–11.7] | 13.7 [6.9–27.4] | 0.009 |
| AGGRESSIVE PERIOD | |||
| Parenteral | (n = 23)d | (n = 62)c | |
| Total days on PN | 44 [30–81] | 30 [22–43] | 0.003 |
| Glucose (g/kg/d) | 4.7 [4.5–5.6] | 4.8 [4.4–5.3] | 0.939 |
| Protein (g/kg/d) | 2.9 [2.7–3.0] | 2.5 [2.8–3.1] | 0.404 |
| Lipids (g/kg/d) | 1.8 [1.5–2.0] | 1.9 [1.6–2.3] | 0.177 |
| Fluids (ml/kg/d) | 137 [117–149] | 124 [101–138] | 0.089 |
| Enteral | |||
| Energy (kcal/kg/week) | 15.5 [8.2–29.7] | 20.1 [15.1–34.0] | 0.073 |
| Fluids (ml/kg/d) | 19.7 [10.3–37.1] | 25.7 [19.0–42.7] | 0.059 |
| Basic clinical parameters, morbidity and growth | |||
| BOTH PERIODS | (n = 58) | (n = 104) | |
| Gestational age | 26+1 [25+1–28+0]b | 26+5 [25+3–27+6]b | 0.440 |
| Male sex | 30 (51.7) | 45 (43.2) | 0.327 |
| Birth weight, g | 709 [627–823]b | 824 [702–892]b | 0.000 |
| Z-score | −0.75 [−1.4–−0.2]b | −0.47 [−0.9–+0.1]b | 0.029 |
| Apgar 5 min | 8 [7–9]b | 8 [8–9]b | 0.112 |
| Hospitalization, days | 94 [67–109]b | 71 [57–88]b | 0.002 |
| Death | 13 (22.4)a | 7 (6.7)a | 0.006 |
| Sepsis (culture proven) | 27 (46.6)a | 34 (32.7)a | 0.092 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 12 (20.7)a | 4 (3.8)a | 0.001 |
| IVH grade 3/4 | 12 (20.7)a | 12 (11.5)a | 0.165 |
| BPD | 25 (57.6)a,e | 18 (17.3)a,f | 0.000 |
| Medical treatment for PDA | 46 (79.31)a | 57 (54.8)a | 0.002 |
| ROP (any stage) | 21 (36.2)a,g | 24 (23)a,h | 0.039 |
| Weight at discharge | 2174 [1931–2680]b | 2200 [1777–2662]b | 0.118 |
Notes.
Data were tested using the Chi Square test for categorical data and the student’s t test for continuous variables (except for total days on PN using Mann Whitney U Test).
P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and printed in bold letters.
- BPD
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- IVH
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage
- ROP
- Retinopathy of Prematurity
a
number with percentage in parentheses.
b
median and interquartile range.
c
Missing data: Data of 1 infants missing.
d
Missing data: Data of 3 infants missing.
e
Missing data: Data of 13 infants missing.
f
Missing data: Data of 26 infants missing.
g
Missing data: Data of 9 infants missing.
h
Missing data: Data of 10 infants missing.