Table 5.

Clinical manifestations of BK virus infection

Uropoietic system

Nephropathy

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Ureteritis - ureteral obstruction

Respiratory system

Upper respiratory infection

Pneumonia

Central nervous system

Meningoencephalitis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (probable)

Retinae

Retinitis

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (questionable)

Blood vessels

Vasculitis

Gastrointestinal system

Intestinal ulcers

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Hematopoietic system

Pancytopenia

Neutropenia

Hemophagocytic syndrome

Polyclonal gammopathy

Malignancies

Urothelial tumors

Various other tumors