Table 3.
Median and reference ranges for thromboelastography assay in the study population according to gender, age, model for end-stage liver disease, liver disease and presence of hepatocellular carcinoma
| r (min) | k (min) | α (degree) | MA (mm) | A (30) mm | A (60) mm | Ly30 (%) | Ly60 (%) | |
| Females (n = 68) | 22.7 (7.6-58.6) | 12.5 (3-38.5) | 16.5 (4.1-52.2) | 38.1 (10.3-70) | 37.7 (8.5-71.1) | 35.5 (6.7-71.1) | 0.0 (0-4) | 0.25 (0-26.5) |
| Males (n = 193) | 22.8 (5.8-61.5) | 13.5 (3.2-44.9) | 15.8 (3.9-49.8) | 34 (8.1-71.2) | 33.4 (8.1-75) | 3.3 (6.7-75) | 0.0 (0-4) | 0.4 (0-10) |
| P | 0.9 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.64 | 0.9 |
| < 60 yr (n = 181) | 21 (5.1-57.6) | 12.2 (4.1-40.9) | 16.7 (3.7-42.9) | 32.5 (10.4-62.6) | 32 (9.8-59.4) | 30.2 (9.2-57.7) | 0.0 (0.0-4.1) | 0.2 (0.0-9.8) |
| ≥ 60 yr (n = 80) | 22.7 (10.2-65.1) | 13 (5.3-40) | 15.6 (2.4-35.4) | 37.8 (6.7-70.7) | 37.2 (6.7-70.7) | 35.2 (6.7-70.7) | 0.0 (0-3.5) | 0.2 (0-9.8) |
| P | 0.08 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.76 | 0.54 |
| MELD < 20 (n = 90) | 19.4 (8-59.8) | 11.6 (2.6-40.5) | 18.3 (4.1-56.8) | 38.9 (19.9) | 38.4 (17-69.6) | 35.9 (8.2-71.6) | 0.0 (0-4.9) | 0.8 (0-25.3) |
| MELD ≥ 20 (n = 171) | 22.3 (5.7-58.6) | 13 (4.4-40.3) | 15.4 (3.2-42.2) | 31.3 (9-62.2) | 31 (9.1-61.5) | 30 (9.1-60) | 0.0 (0-4) | 0.10 (0-9.6) |
| P | 0.9 | 0.66 | 0.07 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.76 |
| Not alcoholic (n = 216) | 21.2 (5.6-58.7) | 13.1 (4.1-41) | 15.4 (1.8-32.4) | 30.2 (2.8-70.4) | 30 (2.8-70.4) | 29 (2.8-70.4) | 0.0 (0-1.4) | 0.3 (0-6.9) |
| Alcoholic (n = 45) | 22.5 (10.4-63.3) | 12.8 (3.6-30.8) | 15 (2.2-45.3) | 33.9 (5.7-64.2) | 33.8 (5.7-64.2) | 33.1 (5.7-63.9) | 0 (0-10.4) | 0.4 (0-42.5) |
| P | 0.68 | 0.81 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
| HCV absence (n = 111) | 21.8 (7.4-68.5) | 11.5 (4.5-54.4) | 16.7 (3-40.6) | 37.6 (8.9-70.1) | 36.6 (8.9-70.1) | 33.9 (8.9-68.6) | 0.0 (0.0-3.6) | 0.4 (0-9.4) |
| HCV presence (n = 150) | 21.5 (5.2-53.7) | 13.1 (4.1-36) | 15.7 (4-43.3) | 31.4 (10.5-59.3) | 30.9 (9.9-59.1) | 30 (8.5-57.7) | 0 (0-4.2) | 0.15 (0-13.9) |
| P | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.013 | 0.021 | 0.023 | 0.65 | 0.43 |
| HBV absence (n = 206) | 22.0 (6.4-57.9) | 13 (4.2-38.1) | 16 (3.8-42.8) | 33.9 (10.2-65.8) | 33.6 (9.1-67.3) | 31.2 (7.4-67) | 0 (0-4) | 0.3 (0-10.4) |
| HBV presence (n = 55) | 21 (3.8-65) | 11.2 (2-67.3) | 16.7 (3.2-56.1) | 33.3 (10.7-55.7) | 32.5 (10.7-55.6) | 30.1 (10.7-53.4) | 0 (0-4.1) | 0.4 (0-14.4) |
| P | 0.34 | 0.4 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.74 | 0.99 |
| Not cholestatic (n = 246) | 21.7 (6.2-57.9) | 12.3 (4.1-40) | 15.5 (3.4-42.4) | 33 (10.2-58.6) | 32.1 (9.6-58.5) | 30.2 (9-57.1) | 0.0 (0-3.9) | 0.4 (0-10.4) |
| Cholestatic (n = 15) | 22.2 (NA) | 11.5 (NA) | 18.1 (NA) | 53.4 (NA) | 53.4 (NA) | 53.3 (NA) | 0.0 (NA) | 0.3 (NA) |
| P | 0.15 | 0.53 | 0.38 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.26 | 0.5 |
| HCC absence (n = 154) | 2.7 (7.6-65.6) | 12.2 (4.2-42.2) | 16.5 (3.1-42.9) | 33.9 (10.7-65.1) | 33 (10.7-62.8) | 30.8 (9.7-62.8) | 0 (0-4) | 0.4 (0-9.1) |
| HCC presence (n = 107) | 23.2 (4.8-55.8) | 13 (4.1-39.6) | 15.8 (3.4-42.8) | 33.3 (9.3-64.9) | 33.3 (8-64.9) | 31.5 (8.3-64.6) | 0.0 (0-3.4) | 0.1 (0-12.5) |
| P | 0.56 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.6 | 0.87 |
MELD: Model for End-stage Liver Disease; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; r: Time to initial fibrin formation; k: Time to clot formation; α: Alpha angle, rate of clot formation; MA: Maximum amplitude, absolute clot strength; A30: Maximum amplitude at 30 min after MA; Ly30: Fibrinolysis at 30 min after MA; Ly60: Fibrinolysis at 60 min after MA.