Table 1.
Demographic and physiological characteristics of HA immigrants and control subjects
| Characteristics | HA immigrants (n = 16) | Controls (n = 16) | P | d | Minimum N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age (years) | 20.5 ± 0.7 | 19.9 ± 1.5 | 0.171 | ||
| Weight | 60.1 ± 5.0 | 58.9 ± 5.2 | 0.456 | ||
| Education (years) | 6.7 ± 3.9 | 7.5 ± 5.0 | 0.590 | ||
| Blood | |||||
| RBC (1012/L) | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 0.007 | 1.22 | 12 |
| HGB (g/L) | 159.8 ± 11.4 | 140.9 ± 8.1 | <0.001 | 1.91 | 6 |
| Pulmonary function | |||||
| VC (% predicted) | 92.7 ± 14.9 | 103.2 ± 7.7 | 0.007 | −0.89 | 21 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 84.1 ± 15.8 | 100.0 ± 10.3 | 0.001 | −1.19 | 13 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 78.2 ± 14.6 | 96.5 ± 15.5 | 0.001 | −1.22 | 12 |
| FEV25% | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 0.004 | −1.00 | 17 |
| FEV50% | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 0.412 | −0.29 | 188 |
| FEV75% | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 0.013 | 0.92 | 20 |
VC, vital capacity; FEV, forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity; HGB, hemoglobin; RBC, red blood cell.
The P‐values in bold indicate a significance of P < 0.05. Effect size (d) was computed according to the formula presented by Cohen. The minimum N refers to the equal number of subjects in each group we need to recruit to detect a significant change at the 0.05 level corresponding to a power of 0.8 and the effect sizes (d) we reported here.
Unless otherwise indicated, the data are given as the means ± standard deviation.