Table 2.

Functional classifications for cerebral palsy

	Level I	Level II	Level III	Level IV	Level V
GMFCS	Can walk without limitations	Walk with limitations	Walk with assistive mobility device	Walking ability severely limited even with assistive devices. Use of power wheelchair	Transported by manual wheelchair
MACS	Handles objects easily and successfully	Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement	Handles objects with difficulty; needs help to prepare and/or modify activities	Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adapted situations	Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions
CFCS	Effective sender and receiver with unfamiliar and familiar partners	Effective but slower-paced sender and/or receiver with unfamiliar and familiar partners	Effective sender and receiver with familiar partners	Sometimes effective sender and receiver with familiar partners	Seldom effective sender and receiver even with familiar partners
EDACS	Eats and drinks safely and efficiently	Eats and drinks safely, but with some limitations to efficiency	Eats and drinks with some limitations to safety; there may be limitations to efficiency	Eats and drinks with significant limitations to safety	Unable to eat or drink safely – tube feeding may be considered to provide nutrition

Note: Copyright ©2014. Elsevier Ltd. Adapted from Compagnone E, Maniglio J, Camposeo S, et al. Functional classifications for cerebral palsy: correlations between the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), the manual ability classification system (MACS) and the communication function classification system (CFCS). Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(11):2651–657.¹⁹

Abbreviations: CFCS, Communication Function Classification System; EDACS, Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System; GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded and Revised; MACS, Manual Abilities Classification System.