Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to group.
| Characteristic | Intervention Assignment | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNE (n = 98) | INE (n = 98) | ||
| Male | 52 (53.1) | 47 (48.0) | 0.48 |
| Age (years) | 58.3 (4.1) | 59.1 (4.6) | 0.23 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.5 (5.4) | 6.8 (4.8) | 0.63 |
| Diabetes medication use | |||
| No diabetes medication | 16 (16.3) | 14 (14.3) | 0.96 |
| Oral medication only | 48 (49.0) | 49 (50.0) | |
| Insulin only | 17 (17.3) | 16 (16.3) | |
| Oral medication and insulin | 17 (17.3) | 19 (19.4) | |
| Education | |||
| Illiteracy | 7 (7.1) | 2 (2.0) | 0.24 |
| Primary school | 9 (9.2) | 9 (9.2) | |
| Middle school | 25 (25.5) | 31 (31.6) | |
| High school | 29 (29.6) | 36 (36.7) | |
| College | 28 (28.6) | 20 (20.4) | |
| Height (cm) | 164.5 (7.1) | 163.9 (8.1) | 0.56 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.3 (10.0) | 69.1 (11.5) | 0.64 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (1.8) | 25.7 (3.7) | 0.26 |
Abbreviation: BMI: body mass index. Variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) or number (percent).