Table 3.
Diabetes knowledge, behavioral, and medication outcomes.
| Variable | UNE (n = 98) | INE (n = 98) | p-Value * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 30-Day | Baseline | 30-Day | ||
| Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire, mean(SD) | |||||
| Total score | 53.6 (18.2) | 61.8 (19.5) | 56.4 (16.4) | 84.5 (12.8) | <0.001 |
| Daily dietary intake | |||||
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2486 (307) | 2458 (396) | 2452 (253) | 2112 (274) | <0.001 |
| Protein(% of energy intake) | 19% | 19% | 17% | 18% | 0.043 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy intake) | 43% | 44% | 46% | 60% | |
| Fat (% of energy intake) | 38% | 37% | 37% | 22% | |
| Fiber (g) | 19 (6) | 22 (5) | 21 (4) | 31 (6) | <0.001 |
| Exercise | |||||
| MVPA (min per day) | 23.3 (20.4) | 23.6 (18.2) | 26.7 (21.3) | 46.8 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Sedentary time (hours per day) | 5.6 (2.4) | 6.1 (4.4) | 5.8 (3.2) | 4.5 (3.8) | 0.007 |
| 30-min MVPA per day, no. (% patients) | 31 (31.6) | 37 (37.8) | 28 (28.6) | 58 (59.2) | 0.003 |
| Glucose-lowering treatment, no. (% patients) | |||||
| Decrease | 2 (2.1) | 5 (5.1) | 0.199 | ||
| Increase | 9 (9.1) | 4 (4.1) | |||
| No change | 87 (88.8) | 89 (90.8) | |||
Abbreviation: MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity; * p-values are for the difference between the groups at the end of the study.