Table 4.
Means of baseline, 30-day changes in variables of participants according to group.
| Measure | UNE (n = 98) | INE (n = 98) | p-Value ‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 30-Day | Change | p-Value † | Baseline | 30-Day | Change | p-Value † | ||
| Weight (kg) | 68.3 (10.0) | 68.2 (10.2) | −0.1 (1.0) | 0.226 | 69.1 (11.5) | 68.3 (10.6) | −0.8 (2.9) | 0.012 | 0.625 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (1.8) | 25.0 (1.9) | −0.1 (0.4) | 0.169 | 25.7 (3.7) | 25.3 (3.4) | −0.3 (1.1) | 0.020 | 0.631 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.3 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.5) | −0.0 (0.2) | 0.673 | 9.4 (3.1) | 8.3 (2.8) | −1.1 (2.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| PG (mmol/L) | 18.5 (2.4) | 18.1 (2.3) | −0.4 (0.9) | <0.001 | 17.9 (5.6) | 15.6 (4.7) | −2.3 (3.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.9 (0.4) | 8.0 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.224 | 7.9 (0.4) | 7.3 (0.9) | −0.6 (0.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.02 (0.2) | 0.305 | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | −0.2 (0.9) | 0.008 | 0.252 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.3 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.1) | −0.1 (0.2) | <0.001 | 5.1 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.0) | −0.1 (0.6) | 0.013 | 0.330 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.2) | −0.1 (0.1) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.1) | <0.001 | 0.616 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.986 | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.8) | 0.0 (0.7) | 0.935 | 0.870 |
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PG: 2-h postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. † p-values within the study group change, based on paired-sample t-tests or related samples Wilkoxon Ranks test. ‡ p-values between groups at the end of study period based on two samples t-test or two-sample Mann–Whitney U-test.