Table 2.
Associated Effect of Lipids on the Annual Rate of Cognitive Decline
| Model | Estimate | SE | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | |||
| Total cholesterol | |||
| HIV+* years in study | 0.0613 | 0.0226 | .007 |
| Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* Years in study | 0.0040 | 0.0016 | .112 |
| Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* Years in study * Years in study | −0.0003 | 0.0001 | .043 |
| Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* HIV+* Years in study | −0.0034 | 0.0011 | .003 |
| LDL-C | |||
| HIV+* Years in study | 0.0423 | 0.0170 | .013 |
| LDL-C (10 mg/dL)* Years in study | 0.0022 | 0.0018 | .995 |
| LDL-C (10 mg/dL)* Years in study* Years in study | −0.0002 | 0.0002 | .371 |
| LDL-C (10 mg/dL)* HIV+* Years in study | −0.0043 | 0.0014 | .002 |
| HDL-C | |||
| HIV+* Years in study | −0.0460 | 0.0202 | .024 |
| HDL-C (10 mg/dL)* Years in study | −0.0006 | 0.0053 | .390 |
| HDL-C (10 mg/dL)* Years in study* Years in study | 0.0001 | 0.0005 | .819 |
| HDL-C (10 mg/dL)* HIV+* Years in study | 0.0098 | 0.0043 | .022 |
| Triglycerides (log10 mg/dL) | |||
| HIV+* Years in study | 0.0949 | 0.0450 | .036 |
| Triglycerides* Years in study | 0.0599 | 0.0259 | .121 |
| Triglycerides* Years in study* Years in study | −0.0047 | 0.0023 | .041 |
| Triglycerides* HIV+* Years in study | −0.0424 | 0.0205 | .039 |
| Model 2b: Total cholesterol model 1 + Statin use | |||
| Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* HIV+* Years in study | −0.0053 | 0.0015 | .004 |
| Statin use* Years in study | 0.0400 | 0.0347 | .913 |
| Statin use* HIV+* Years in study | −0.0739 | 0.0372 | .048 |
| Statin use* Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* Years in study | −0.0014 | 0.0017 | .612 |
| Statin use* HIV+* Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL)* Years in study | 0.0043 | 0.0018 | .019 |
All models were adjusted for age, Shipley WAIS IQ-Equivalent Score, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at study entry, smoking status, and CD4 count. Model 2 was also adjusted for statin use. Lipid estimates except triglyceride levels were interpreted in 10-mg/dL increments. R2 is the squared Pearson correlation between predicted values from fixed or fixed and random effects vs actual values and represents the variance in the cognitive summary score accounted for by terms in the model.
Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIV+, human immunodeficiency virus infected; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SE, standard error.
a Model 1 total cholesterol: R2 for fixed effects = 0.25, P < .001; R2 including random terms = 0.94, P < .0001.
b Model 2: R2 for fixed effects = 0.25, P < .001; R2 including random terms = 0.95, P < .0001.
* Indicates an interaction.