Table 2.
Baseline gambling measures and outcomes from random regression model analyses (N = 217).
| Variable | Baseline | Month 2 | Month 5 | Month 8 | Month 12 | Month 16 | Month 20 | Month 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days gambled | ||||||||
| Psychoeducation | 16.8 (5.2) | 14.0 (5.2) | 9.7 (5.3) | 9.5 (7.4) | 8.9 (7.4) | 8.3 (7.3) | 7.7 (7.3) | 7.1 (6.7) |
| Brief advice | 19.4 (5.3) | 15.2 (5.9) | 8.5 (5.9) | 9.4 (6.6) | 9.1 (6.7) | 8.9 (6.6) | 8.7 (6.7) | 8.5 (6.7) |
| MET + CBT | 18.0 (4.5) | 13.5 (5.3) | 6.4 (5.1) | 7.2 (7.5) | 7.0 (7.7) | 6.9 (7.8) | 6.7 (8.0) | 6.6 (8.8) |
| Dollars gambled* | ||||||||
| Psychoeducation | 275 (380) | 96 (141) | 16 (26) | 15 (130) | 6 (20) | 4 (46) | 4 (29) | 3 (19) |
| Brief advice | 301 (421) | 98 (152) | 21 (27) | 11 (86) | 8 (62.7) | 5 (44) | 3 (30) | 2 (23) |
| MET + CBT | 240 (498) | 35 (98) | 3 (7) | 2 (39) | 1 (24) | 1 (22) | 1 (36) | 1 (16) |
| SOGS score | ||||||||
| Psychoeducation | 7.7 (2.6) | 5.7 (2.3) | 3.1 (1.7) | 2.7 (3.0) | 2.1 (2.5) | 1.7 (2.1) | 1.3 (1.9) | 1.0 (1.8) |
| Brief advice | 7.8 (2.8) | 5.6 (2.6) | 3.0 (1.9) | 2.6 (3.1) | 2.1 (2.9) | 1.6 (2.7) | 1.2 (2.6) | 1.0 (2.6) |
| MET + CBT | 7.9 (3.9) | 5.0 (3.6) | 1.9 (3.6) | 1.9 (2.7) | 1.5 (2.5) | 1.2 (2.2) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (1.8) |
| Variable | Baseline through month 5 analyses, β, p value, Effect sizeΨ | Month 5 through month 24 analyses, β, p value, Effect sizeΨ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contrast | Time effect | Contrast effect | Time × contrast | Contrast | Time effect Contrast effect | Time × contrast | |
| Days gambled | |||||||
| Brief type | −0.05,<.001 (−9 days) | 2.65, 0.09 | −0.02, <.05 (−3.8 days) | Brief type | −0.005, <.05 (−1.3 days) | −0.35, 0.84 | 0.003, 0.41 |
| Extent | −0.07,<.001 (−11.3 days) | −1.48, 0.32 | −0.04, 0.69 | Extent | −0.002, 0.54 | −2.27, 0.16 | 0.001, 0.84 |
| Dollars gambleda | |||||||
| Brief type | −0.008,<.001 (−$269.50) | −0.01, 0.95 | −0.0001, 0.93 | Brief type | −0.002,<.001 (−$16.00) | −0.01, 0.96 | −0.0001, 0.92 |
| Extent | −0.008,<.001 (−$258.50) | −0.07, 0.66 | −0.004, <.04 (−$43.00) | Extent | −0.002,<.001 (−$10.50) | −0.71, <0.05 (−$6.83) | 0.001, 0.09 |
| SOGS scoreb | |||||||
| Brief type | −0.01,<.001 (−4.7) | 0.02, 0.88 | −0.0003, 0.77 | Brief type | −0.001,<.001 (−2.1) | −0.04, 0.82 | 0.00005, 0.89 |
| Extent | −0.01,<.001 (−5.4) | 0.01, 0.94 | −0.002, <.05 (−1.2) | Extent | −0.001,<.001 (−1.5) | −0.17, 0.29 | −0.0003, 0.92 |
Values represent means and standard deviations derived from hierarchical linear modlels (back transformed for dollars gambled and SOGS scores) unless otherwise noted.
Values are raw medians (interquartile ranges).
Log-transformed values were analyzed.
Square-root transformed values were analyzed.
MET=Motivational Enhancement Therapy; CBT=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; SOGS= South Oaks Gambling Screen Brief type contrast: Compares the Brief Psychoeducation (0) to the Brief Advice group (+1).
Extent contrast: Compares the Brief Advice (0) to the Motivational Enhancement + Cognitive Behavioral Therapy group (+1); although the term Extent is used to depict this contrast, content of the interventions differed in addition to the Extent. Bolded values are statistically significant, p < .05. ΨEffect sizes are presented for significant effects.