Table 1.
Patient characteristics (n=180)
| Mean (SD) | |
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 27.3 (1.8) |
| Birth weight, grams | 947 (210) |
| Weight z-score change, birth to term | −1 (1.5) |
| Median (IQR) | |
| Clinical Risk Index for Babies28 score | 3 (1, 6) |
| Number (percent) | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 88 (49%) |
| Female | 92 (51%) |
| Multiple gestation | 81 (45%) |
| Antenatal corticosteroids | 162 (91%) |
| Neonatal illness | |
| Supplemental oxygen dependency at 36 weeks* | 61 (34%) |
| Postnatal corticosteroids | 17 (9%) |
| Sepsis (proven or suspected) | 66 (37%) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 20 (11%) |
| Social risk score29 | |
| Low | 63 (40%) |
| High | 94 (60%) |
| Mean (SD) | |
| Number of days breast milk >50%, 0–28 days | 21 (7) |
| Mean breast milk intake, 0–28 days | 90 (43) |
| Brain volumes at term equivalent, cc | |
| Intracranial volume | 441 (67) |
| Total brain volume | 394 (58) |
| Total gray matter | 157 (39) |
| Total white matter | 223 (31) |
| Myelinated white matter | 9.8 (4.6) |
| Unmyelinated white matter | 213 (31) |
| Deep nuclear gray matter | 13.4 (3.8) |
| Cerebellum | 21.2 (3.8) |
| Hippocampus | 2.2 (0.3) |
| Bayley-2 Scores at 2 years corrected age | |
| Mental Development Index | 84 (20) |
| Psychomotor Development Index | 88 (17) |
| Brain volumes at 7 years, cc | |
| Intracranial volume | 1326 (118) |
| Total brain volume | 1258 (112) |
| Total gray matter | 783 (68) |
| Total white matter | 400 (45) |
| Deep nuclear gray matter | 36.3 (3.2) |
| Cerebellum | 147 (14) |
| Hippocampus | 6.5 (0.7) |
| Neurodevelopment at 7 years | |
| General intelligence (WASI) | |
| Full scale IQ | 97 (14) |
| Performance IQ | 97 (14) |
| Verbal IQ | 96 (14) |
| Word Reading (WRAT4) | 99 (19) |
| Math Computations (WRAT4) | 89 (17) |
| Attention (TEA-Ch) | 7.6 (3.6) |
| Working memory (WMTBC) | 87 (16) |
| Language (CELF-IV) | 92 (17) |
| Visual perception (TVPS-3) | 8.3 (3.6) |
| Motor function (MABC2) | 8.6 (3.5) |
SD is standard deviation. WASI is Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence21; WRAT4 is Wide Range Achievement Test22; TEA-Ch is Test of Every Day Attention for Children23; WMTBC is Working Memory Test Battery for Children24; CELF-IV is Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals25; TVPS-3 is Test of Visual Perceptual Skills26; and MABC2 is Movement Assessment Battery for Children27. Higher scores on all of these measures indicate better performance.
*
Did not receive postnatal corticosteroids