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. 2016 Sep 27;7:419. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00419

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Copyright © 2016 Behar, Ganesan, Zhang and Yaniv.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Positive chronotropic response of SANCs to flash photolysis of caged ISO or caged cAMP. (A) Change in action potential (AP) firing rate, cAMP, and PKA activity after release of the caged cAMP following the flash at t = 50 s. During the same cycle, the AP firing rate instantaneously increased upon flash photolysis of caged-cAMP or with flash photolysis of caged ISO. (B) Action potential and dV_m/dt before, during, and after release of the caged cAMP or caged ISO for a 2 s segment. Notice the higher number of cycles and higher maximum dV_m/dt during cAMP release or ISO treatment (in red).