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. 2016 Sep 27;7:419. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00419

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Copyright © 2016 Behar, Ganesan, Zhang and Yaniv.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Caged cAMP and ISO experiments. Effect of caged cAMP (A) and ISO (B) on cellular currents: main membrane currents (a–c), AC-cAMP-PKA signaling (d,e), and Ca²⁺ cycling (flux and concentration) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum before and during cAMP release from the cage (f,g). Notice the increase in the Ca²⁺ released from the RyR (j_SRCarel, f) and of the Ca²⁺-Na⁺ exchanger (I_NCX, c) after cAMP release from the cage. I_CaL, L-type current; I_f, funny-current; I_NCX, the Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger current; Ca_jSR, the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ concentration.