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. 2016 Sep 7;8(9):550. doi: 10.3390/nu8090550

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Heart Rate Responses (Mean ± SD) during Constant-Load Cycling (50% Wmax). Within-treatment effects: P-N = Possibly different than NT; L-I = Likely different than ICT. Between-treatment effects: NT-ICT = Unclear (% chance of larger/trivial/smaller attenuation in heart rate with CP, compared to CHO = 51/39/10), ICT-RVT = Possible (74/24/2), NT-RVT = Likely (85/12/2). NT = normal training; ICT = intensified cycle training; RVT = reduced volume training; CHO = carbohydrate supplementation; CP = carbohydrate + protein supplementation.