Table 1.

Summary of included studies

Article ID	Vaccine type	Time period study conducted	Year coverage reported for	Participants age (years)	Sample size	Study design	Sampling frame	Data collection method
MacIntyre R, 1993 [25]	Influenza	May–June 1992	1992	0+	537	Cross sectional	Systematic sampling from Victorian White Pages	Telephone interviews; self-report
Hanna, 2001 [23]	Influenza and pneumococcal	1995–2000	Influenza 1995–2000	15+	15836	Cross sectional	All data for Indigenous adults extracted for Far North Queensland region from health department database (VIVAS database)	Provider reported to health department database
			Pneumococcal 1995–2000
Taylor, 2001 [3]	Influenza and pneumococcal	1998–2000	Influenza annually 1998, 1999, 2000	18+	10505	Cross sectional	Systematic sampling from the Australia wide White Pages	Telephone interviews; self-report
			Pneumococcal 1996–2000
Andrews, 2005_V [26]	Pneumococcal	July–Aug 2000	1999 and 2000	65+	278	Cross sectional	Participants from the 1999 Victorian Population Health Survey who agreed to be contacted for further studies were sampled. Contacted by phone for permission and details before contacting provider	Telephone interviews; provider report
Gill, 2007 [30]	Influenza	1993–2004	Reported annually for each year of study	15+	8448	Cross sectional	Not reported	Telephone interviews; self-report
Horby, 2005 [19]	Influenza	Oct–Nov 2001	2001	40+	7681	Cross sectional	RDD* from Australia wide White Pages	Telephone interviews; self-report
Hanna, 2003 [24]	Influenza	2001	2002	15+	11062	Cross sectional	All data for Indigenous adults extracted for Far North Queensland region from health department database (VIVAS database)	Provider reported to health department database
Menzies, 2004 [21]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2001	Influenza 2001 Pneumococcal 1997–2001	18+	3681	Cross sectional	National Health Survey- 3 stage random community sample –Australia wide- for Indigenous adults	Face to face interviews; self-report
Andrews, 2005 [10]	Influenza and pneumococcal	Apr 2000–Mar 2002	Influenza 2000 and 2001	65+	2934	Case cohort	Random sample from 2 Victorian hospitals. End of each month participants randomly selected from those discharged in that month.	Telephone interviews; provider report
			Pneumococcal 2000 and 2001
NSW Health, 1997–2012 [11]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2002–2012	Reported each year of study.	18+	3416	Cross sectional	RDD* from NSW White pages- mobile number’s included from 2012	Telephone interviews; self-report
			Influenza annually
			Pneumococcal <5 years
AIHW, 2003 [12]	Influenza	2002	Influenza 2002 Pneumococcal 1998–2002	40+	8000	Cross sectional	RDD*, Australia wide	Telephone interviews; self-report
Hanna, 2004 [22]	Influenza	2003	2003	15+	11204	Cross sectional	All data for Indigenous adults extracted for Far North Queensland region from health department database (VIVAS database)	Provider reported to health department database
AIHW, 2005 [13]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2004	Influenza 2004 Pneumococcal 2000–2004	18+	7500	Cross sectional	RDD*, Australia wide	Telephone interviews
Menzies, 2008 [20]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2004–2005	Influenza 2004/2005	18+	10439	Cross sectional	RDD*, Australia wide for Indigenous adults	Face to face interviews
			Pneumococcal 2001–2005
AIHW, 2008 [14]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2006	Influenza 2006 Pneumococcal 2002–2006	18+	8022	Cross sectional	RDD*, Australia wide	Telephone interviews; self-report
Ridda, 2008 [28]	Influenza and pneumococcal	June-Nov 2006	Reported ever vaccinated previously	60+	200	Cross sectional	Convenience sampling of consecutive inpatients from one Sydney hospital- validated with medical records-	Face to face interview; self-report
Dower, 2011 [27]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2008	Influenza 2008	18+	2203	Cross sectional	RDD*, Queensland	Telephone interviews; self-report
			Pneumococcal 2004–2008
AIHW, 2011 [15]	Influenza and pneumococcal	2009	Influenza 2009 Pneumococcal 2005–2009	18+	10231	Cross sectional	RDD*, Australia wide	Telephone interviews; self-report
Loke, 2012 [29]	Influenza and pneumococcal	April–May 2011	Influenza annually 2010, 2011	18+	50	Cross sectional	Convenience sampling of random selection of inpatients from a South Australian hospital	Face to face interview; self-report
			Pneumococcal ever vaccinated
BEACH 2014 [16]	Pneumococcal	2013	2009–2013	15+	2523	Cross sectional	Random sample of 125 GP practices- Australia wide –Sample initially source all GPs who claimed a min 375 GP A1 Medicare items. Randomly selected GPs are then approached by letter then phone.	Provider reported from GP records
Cheng, 2013 [17]	Influenza	2012	2012	18+	1216	Cross sectional	National hospital based sentinel surveillance- Australia wide. Hospitals recruited from physician members of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Task Force and representatives of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases. Also recruited 2 non-urban hospitals to increase sample of Indigenous patients.	Standard collection instrument, collected clinical, radiological and laboratory data- self report, or medical record (generally based on self-report)
Cheng, 2014 [18]	Influenza	2013	2013	18+	964	Cross sectional	National hospital based sentinel surveillance- Australia wide. Hospitals recruited from physician members of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Task Force and representatives of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases. Also recruited 2 non-urban hospitals to increase sample of Indigenous patients.	Standard collection instrument, collected clinical, radiological and laboratory data- self report, or medical record (generally based on self-report)

*RDD random digit dialling