Figure 1.

Hypoxia suppresses the spontaneous mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. ASCs were cultured in α-MEM and osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) for 7 and 14 days, and then stained with Alizarin Red S (ARS). (A,B) Hypoxia (2% O₂) significantly reduced the ARSstaining of ASCs (red) in α-MEM and ODM (40×), and ARS staining was measured; (C) osteogenic differentiation markers such as RUNX2, osteocalcin, and osterix were significantly reduced under hypoxia. Normoxia: black bars, Hypoxia: white bars. ** p < 0.01.