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Nucleosome with histone post-translational modifications. Inside the nucleus DNA is wrapped into a protein complex known as chromatin. This protein complex (nucleosome) is composed of an octamer of four different histones (H3, H4, H2A, and H2B). Histones display a large number of modified residues (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation). Through these modifications, chromatin becomes very dynamic, controlling the expression or repression of specific genes.
