Table 1.

Study characteristics.

CAC Measurement	Author, Year	Reference No.	Study Population CAC = 0 CAC > 0 or Total Population If No Data Provided		Mean Age (Years)	Means of CAC Assessment	Notable Patient Characteristics
CAC Extent	Lai et al., 2015 as above	[10]	91	120	71.1	64-slice GE scanner	Chinese ethnicity, males aged ≥ 65
	Mayer et al., 2007	[11]	333	544	59.7	Angiographic, CAC observed in the coronary vessels could be none, mild-moderate or severe.	Males
	Mitsutake et al., 2007	[12]	245	290	64	16- or 64-slice Toshiba CT scanner	Japanese ethnicity
	Tanaka et al., 2012	[13]	1363		68	64-slice Toshiba CT scanner	Japanese ethnicity
CAC Presence	Atar et al., 2013	[14]	382	60	53.6	64-slice Phillips CT scanner	Turkish ethnicity
	Greif et al., 2013	[15]	Males	1123	55.4	16-slice Siemens CT scanner	European ethnicity
			Females	437	63.2
	Kovacic et al., 2012	[16]	8553	1440	66.6	Angiographic, CAC on stenotic lesion undergoing PCI, could be none, mild, moderate or severe.	All with coronary stenosis ≥ 60%
	Lai et al., 2015	[10]	91	120	71.1	64-slice GE scanner	Chinese ethnicity, males aged ≥ 65
	Maragiannis et al., 2015	[17]	65	49	56.1	16-slice Phillips CT scanner	US study
	Qing et al., 2015	[18]	146	364	56.0	64-slice GE CT scanner	Chinese ethnicity
CAC Progression	Okada et al., 2013	[19]	164 (all with CAC > 0)		68.7	64-slice Toshiba CT scanner	Japanese ethnicity

All studies of CAC presence and extent were case-control studies, while the one study of CAC progression (Okada et al. [19]) was a cohort study.