Table 4.

Meta-analysis: pooled risk factors and their ORs predicting CAC extent.

Risk Factors	Mild to Moderate CAC or CACS 13-445 vs. CACS = 0		Severe CAC or CACS > 445 vs. CACS = 0		Patient Numbers
	OR	p-Value	OR	p-Value
Hypertension	1.61 (1.28–2.03)	<0.0001	2.09 (1.09–4.03)	0.0100	1623
Diabetes mellitus	1.22 (0.93–1.60)	0.1600	1.55 (1.14–2.10)	0.0050	1623
Dyslipidaemia	0.75 (0.52–1.00)	0.1300	1.03 (0.65–1.63)	0.9000	746
Smoking	0.93 (0.72–1.20)	0.6000	1.07 (0.68–1.67)	0.7700	1623

CACS = Coronary artery calcification score; Studies used in CAC extent meta-analysis: Lai et al. [10], Mayer et al. [11], and Mitsutake et al. [12]. Lai et al. [10], a study using a threshold of >400, was included as severe CAC.