Figure 1.

Proposed flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rice grain. The abbreviations of enzyme names are as follows: CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; FLS, flavonol synthase; F3′H, flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; UGT, UDP-glucosyl transferase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; FNSII, flavone synthase II; OMT, O-methyltransferase; F2H, flavanone 2-hydroxylase; CGT, C-glucosyl transferase; and DH, dehydratase.