| AGEs | Advanced glycation end-products |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| CV | Cardiovascular |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| RAGE | Receptor for AGEs |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TUNEL | Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling |
| VSMC | Vascular smooth muscle cell |
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