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. 2016 Sep 26;14:70. doi: 10.1186/s12951-016-0222-9

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 15 — Model of QD penetration depth in Caco-2 cells. Comparison of penetration depth and localization of QD-COOH and QD-NH₂ in undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells after 3 days exposure to 45 µg cadmium ml⁻¹. In undifferentiated cells, QDs were located intracellularly and partially in lysosomes. In differentiated cells, no penetration of QDs was observed