TABLE 2.
ORs of factors associated with not being breastfed on the previous day among children aged <24 mo (Alive & Thrive baseline survey)1
| Age, mo |
|||
| 0−23 | 0−5 | 6−23 | |
| n | 10,681 | 5951 | 4730 |
| Infant formula feeding during first 3 d after birth | 1.33 (1.12, 1.59)** | 1.93 (1.03, 3.61)* | 1.32 (1.10, 1.59)** |
| Age, mo | 1.39 (1.36, 1.42)*** | 1.51 (1.28, 1.78)*** | 1.40 (1.36, 1.43)*** |
| Boys | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | 1.61 (1.03, 2.51)* | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) |
| Weight-for-age z score | 1.37 (1.28, 1.48)*** | 1.13 (0.90, 1.43) | 1.39 (1.29, 1.50)*** |
| Delivery modes | |||
| Vaginal delivery in hospital | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 1.66 (0.77, 3.58) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) |
| Cesarean delivery in hospital | 0.79 (0.60, 1.04) | 1.73 (0.84, 3.58) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) |
| Intention of feeding infant formula at birth | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 1.32 (0.86, 2.03) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) |
| Misconception relating to exclusive and continued breastfeeding2 | |||
| Mild | 1.30 (1.07, 1.57)** | 1.48 (0.72, 3.05) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.57)* |
| Severe | 2.19 (1.80, 2.67)*** | 3.53 (2.06, 6.04)*** | 2.16 (1.77, 2.65)*** |
| Saw formula promotion on television within last 30 d | 0.91 (0.75, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.54, 1.46) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) |
| Maternal sociodemographic characteristics3 | |||
| Middle | 0.96 (0.78, 1.17) | 1.04 (0.59, 1.82) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) |
| Higher | 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) | 1.17 (0.64, 2.13) | 0.81 (0.64, 1.03) |
| Household economic status4 | |||
| Second | 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) | 0.80 (0.31, 2.08) | 1.04 (0.81, 1.35) |
| Third | 0.96 (0.72, 1.26) | 0.94 (0.41, 2.13) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) |
| Fourth | 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) | 1.05 (0.46, 2.41) | 1.07 (0.81, 1.42) |
| Fifth | 1.30 (0.94, 1.78) | 2.00 (0.88, 4.51) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.74) |
1
Values are ORs (95% CIs). *,**,***Significantly different from the null value (OR = 1): *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.
2
First factor from the principal component analysis of 13 items on knowledge, belief, social norms, and self-efficacy (see Supplemental Table 1).
3
First factor from the principal component analysis of mother’s age, education, salary, and Kinh ethnicity.
4
First factor from the principal component analysis of 40 items on household characteristics and assets.