Table 3.

Changes with treatment^a

Measurements	ICS			Placebo
	Before	After	P-values	Before	After	P-values
Number of Rbm vessels/mm Rbm	5.1 (0.0–15.2)	2.3 (0.8–13)	0.5	3.6 (1.8–6.5)	2.8 (1.3–10.8)	0.9
Number of LP vessels/mm2 of LP	289 (158–585)	386 (213–444)	0.08	277 (200–641)	295 (173–377)	0.5
% of vessels stained for VEGF/mm Rbmc	19% (0–256)	16% (0–302)	0.5	0% (0–49)	19% (0–250)	0.9
% of vessels stained for TGF-β1/mm Rbmb,c	47% (0–154)	94% (0–1,416)	0.3	–	–	–
% of vessels stained for p-Smad 2/3/mm Rbmb,c	69% (46–119)	0% (0–89)	0.1	–	–	–
% of vessels stained for VEGF/mm2 of LPc	61% (7–90)	35% (0–130)	0.2	32% (5–180)	88% (26–256)	0.3
% of vessels stained for p-Smad 2/3/mm2 of LPb,c	24% (4–80)	10% (5–43)	0.03	–	–	–
TLC	7.6 (5.3–8.4)	7.6 (5.2–8.2)	0.4	6.2 (5.1–9.8)	6.3 (5.8–9.4)	0.5
RV	2.8 (2.1–4.0)	2.8 (2.0–4.2)	0.7	2.4 (1.6–4.7)	2.6 (2.1–4.5)	0.4

Notes:

^aAll data in the table are presented as median (range);

^bsome cells do not contain numbers because the number of paired tissues was too small for formal analysis (the number of paired tissues for TGF-β1 and SMAD 2/3 in the placebo arm was three;);

^cpercentage of vessels stained for VEGF/millimeter Rbm, percentage of vessels stained for TGF-β1/mm Rbm, percentage of vessels stained for p-SMAD2/3/mm Rbm, percentage of vessels stained for VEGF/mm² of LP, and percentage of vessels stained for p-SMAD 2/3/mm² of LP are calculated as vessels stained for VEGF, TGF-β1, p-SMAD 2/3×100/total number of vessels stained for Factor VIII per mm of the Rbm or per mm² of LP, respectively. Also see Figure 1 and Figures S1 and S2. “–”, no data.

Abbreviations: ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LP, lamina propria; Rbm, reticular basement membrane; TLC, total lung capacity; RV, residual volume.