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. 2016 Sep 26;10:185–207. doi: 10.4137/BBI.S38425

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Biosynthesis pathway of auxin in selected species. (A) The phylogenetic relation of the selected 13 members of Viridiplantae. Species: Atha (A. thaliana), Gmax (G. max), Mtru (M. truncatula), Ptri (P. trichocarpa), Stub (S. tuberosum), Slyc (S. lycopersicum), Vvin (V. vinifera), Bdis (B. distachyon), Osat (O. sativa), Sbic (S. bicolor), Zmay (Z. mays), Ppat (P. patens), and Crei (C. reinhardtii). The color code indicates the distribution of the different clades demonstrating the distance from A. thaliana. The number of genes related to all analyzed phytohormone biosynthesis pathways in A. thaliana and of the identified co-orthologues in the other species are indicated. (B) Enzymes and intermediate products of the plastidial tryptophan biosynthesis pathway (green region) and distinct routes of Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis in plants with IPA (blue region), IAM (yellow region), and TAM, IAOX and IAN (red region) as major biosynthesis intermediates. The route using IBA as precursor or storage intermediate and pathways of IAA conjugation are shown in the gray region. The arrows are colored according to the species in which the enzymes were found (taken from A) and multicolor dashed arrows indicate putative loss of co-orthologues genes in one clade during evolution.

Abbreviations: Proteins: AAO, Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase; AMI, amidase; ASA, anthranilate synthase alpha subunit; CYP79B, cytochrome P450, family 79, subfamily B; GH, Gretchen Hagen; IBR, indole-3-butyric acid response; ILR1/ILL, IAA-leucine resistant; IAMT, IAA carboxylmethyltransferase; NIT, nitrilase; PAT, phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase; PAI, phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; IGS, indol-3-glycerol phosphate synthase 2; TSA, tryptophan synthase alpha chain; TSB, tryptophan synthase beta chain; TAA1, tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis; TAR, tryptophan aminotransferase related; YUC, YUCCA. Metabolites: IPA, indole-3-pyruvic acid; IAD, indole-3-acetaldehyde; IAM, indole-3-acetamide; IAOX, indole-3-acetaldoxime; IAN, indole-3-acetonitrile.