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. 2016 Oct;46(11):723–736. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.05.010

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

FMRFamide-like peptide encoding gene-32 (flp-32)/FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP)-32 expression is more extensive and less conserved than flp-11/FLP-11. Light microscopy in situ hybridisation images show flp-32 gene expression in multiple cell bodies (CB) in (A, D) Caenorhabditis elegans, (E, H, I) Panagrellus redivivus and (J) H. contortus. In C. elegans two paired flp-32 positive CBs are visible posterior to the metacorpus (MC). In P. redivivus three flp-32 positive CBs are located anterior to the basal bulb (BB; E), while one CB is visible in the tail of a female nematode (H), and at least three CBs are in close proximity to the spicules in males (I). In H. contortus one CB is positioned in the posterior third of the nematode body (J). (B, C, F, G and K) Confocal microscopy of FLP-32 (anti-AMRNALVRFamide) immunoreactivity (IR; green) in C. elegans (B and C), P. redivivus (F and G) and H. contortus (K) in a single RIS-like cell (RIS) and in multiple additional cell bodies (CBs). Anti-AMRNALVRFamide antiserum is cross-reactive for both FLP-11 and FLP-32 explaining the presence of the RIS-like cell in the confocal microscopy images. In C. elegans (B, C), in addition to RIS, two FLP-32 IR CBs are visible in close association with the circumpharyngeal nerve ring (CNR) positioned between the MC and the terminal bulb (TB). In P. redivivus (F, G) FLP-32 positive CBs are evident in the region of the CNR, anterior to the BB and RIS; in addition the ventral nerve cord (VC) is FLP-32 immunoreactive (G). In H. contortus one FLP-32 IR cell is shown (K). Body wall muscle is counterstained red. Scale bars: A = 15 μm, B = 8 μm, C = 5 μm, D = 6 μm, E = 25 μm, F = 7 μm, G = 30 μm, H = 25 μm, I = 6 μm, J = 20 μm, K = 6 μm.