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. 2016 Aug 11;12(4):2053–2062. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3589

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effect of GBEE on the serum levels of cytokines in S180 MDR tumor-bearing mice. (A) IL-3, (B) IL-18 and (C) IFN-γ serum levels of S180 MDR tumor-bearing mice were determined by ELISA. Data are the mean ± standard deviation of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Group 1, parent S180 cells without any treatment (blank group); Group 2, S180 MDR cells without any treatment (control group). Group 3, DDP 3.0 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally every two days, Groups 4, 5, 6 and 10, GBEE 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg + VER 15 mg/kg was given intragastrically once daily. Groups 7, 8, 9 and 11, the combination of DDP 3.0 mg/kg and GBEE 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg + VER 15 mg/kg. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control group; ##P<0.01 and ###P<0.001 vs. DDP group. GBEE, Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts; S180 MDR, mice S180 sarcoma cell line with chemotherapeutic drug resistance; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; DDP, cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum; VER, verapamil.