Table 1. Baseline differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics according to the use of alpha-lipoic acid.
| aLA (n = 47) | No aLA (n = 125) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.6 | 71.0 | 0.169 |
| Male, n (%) | 27 (57.4) | 62 (49.6) | 0.362 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 34 (72.3) | 99 (79.2) | 0.341 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 17 (36.2) | 43 (34.4) | 0.829 |
| Dyslipidemia | 8 (17.0) | 16 (12.8) | 0.185 |
| Coronary angioplasty | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.8) | 0.407 |
| Smoking | 15 (31.9) | 35 (28.0) | 0.617 |
| Alcohol | 15 (31.9) | 40 (32.0) | 0.398 |
| Biochemical variables (mean ± SD) | |||
| Total-C, mg/dL | 173.1± 41.4 | 176.7 ± 39.7 | 0.657 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.7± 35.7 | 113.5 ± 35.0 | 0.998 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 102.4 ± 61.1 | 107.9 ± 53.0 | 0.604 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 44.3 ± 12.0 | 45.1 ± 16.4 | 0.789 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.680 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 7.1 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 0.419 |
| FBS, mg/dL | 165.5 ± 72.4 | 179.0 ± 72.8 | 0.290 |
| TOAST classification, n (%) | 0.922 | ||
| LAA | 17 (36.2) | 42 (33.6) | |
| CE | 14 (29.8) | 41 (32.8) | |
| SVO | 3 (6.4) | 6 (4.8) | |
| UD | 12 (25.5) | 35 (28.0) | |
| OE | 1 (2.1) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Initial NIHSS score (mean ± SD) | 9.5 ± 4.9 | 10.5 ± 4.9 | 0.149 |
| Baseline mRS (mean ± SD) | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 0.443 |
| Onset to IVT time (mean ± SD), min. | 123.0 ± 67.8 | 132.1 ± 63.9 | 0.429 |
| Discharge medication, n (%) | |||
| Statin | 32 (68.1) | 89 (71.8) | 0.638 |
| Antihypertensive drug | 33 (70.2) | 97 (77.6) | 0.318 |
*Continuous variables were compared between groups using Student’s t tests, one-way ANOVAs, or Mann–Whitney tests. The chi-square test was used for non-continuous variables.
Total-C = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBS = fasting blood sugar; TOAST = Trial of Organization 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA = large-artery atherosclerosis; CE = cardioembolism; SVO = small-vessel occlusion; UD = stroke of undetermined etiology; OD = stroke of other determined etiology; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SD = standard deviation; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; IVT = intravenous thrombolysis