Table 2. Variables related to functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year used in univariate analyses.
| 3-month outcomes | 1-year outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with mRS scores of 0–2 (n = 67) | Patients with mRS scores >2 (n = 105) | p value* | Patients with mRS scores of 0–2 (n = 70) | Patients with mRS scores >2 (n = 102) | p value* | |
| Age, years | 66.5 | 72.7 | <0.001 | 65.7 | 73.5 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 41 (61.2) | 48 (45.7) | 0.060 | 42 (60.0) | 47 (46.1) | 0.088 |
| aLA use, n (%) | 26 (38.8) | 21 (20.0) | 0.009 | 27 (38.6) | 20 (19.6) | 0.009 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 52 (77.6) | 81 (77.1) | 1.000 | 55 (78.6) | 78 (76.5) | 0.853 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 17 (25.4) | 43 (41.0) | 0.049 | 18 (25.7) | 42 (41.2) | 0.049 |
| Dyslipidemia | 9 (13.4) | 15 (14.3) | 0.809 | 9 (12.8) | 15 (14.7) | 0.564 |
| Coronary angioplasty | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0.407 | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0.407 |
| Smoking | 21 (31.3) | 29 (27.6) | 0.610 | 22 (31.4) | 28 (27.5) | 0.610 |
| Alcohol | 20 (29.8) | 35 (33.3) | 0.398 | 21 (30.0) | 34 (33.3) | 0.319 |
| Biochemical variables (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Total-C, mg/dL | 178.4 ± 43.7 | 173.9 ± 45.9 | 0.527 | 177.4 ± 39.1 | 174.5 ± 48.8 | 0.679 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 116.5 ± 43.6 | 111.6 ± 43.2 | 0.493 | 114.1 ± 39.4 | 113.3 ± 46.0 | 0.908 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 102.5 ± 54.5 | 109.1 ± 65.1 | 0.496 | 101.8 ± 53.5 | 109.8 ± 65.9 | 0.406 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 45.6 ± 12.8 | 44.3 ± 14.2 | 0.573 | 46.7 ± 13.3 | 43.5 ± 13.7 | 0.141 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.155 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.123 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 0.682 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 0.781 |
| FBS, mg/dL | 172.7 ± 72.1 | 177.2 ± 72.9 | 0.702 | 170.2 ± 71.7 | 178.9 ± 73.0 | 0.448 |
| Initial NIHSS (mean ± SD) | 8.1 ± 3.5 | 11.7 ± 4.5 | <0.001 | 8.1 ± 3.6 | 11.8 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Onset to IVT (mean ± SD), min. | 124.8 ± 63.2 | 132.5 ± 66.2 | 0.468 | 122.2 ± 65.1 | 134.6 ± 64.7 | 0.237 |
| TOAST classification, n (%)† | 17 (25.4) | 38 (36.2) | 0.180 | 18 (25.7) | 37 (36.3) | 0.183 |
| Hemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 8 (11.9) | 38 (36.2) | <0.001 | 10 (14.3) | 36 (35.3) | 0.003 |
*Continuous variables were compared between the groups using Student’s t tests, one-way ANOVAs, or Mann–Whitney tests. The chi-square test was used for non-continuous variables.
†Percentage relates to cardiac embolism, because this cause was associated with a worse outcome.
Total-C = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBS = fasting blood sugar; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IVT = intravenous thrombolysis; TOAST = Trial of Organization 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; aLA = alpha-lipoic acid; SD = standard deviation