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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Aug;46(8):2707–2719. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2816-3

Table 3. Characteristics of Three Classes.

Variable Characteristics of Classes Contrasts


Class 1 Greater Dependence (N=80) Class 2 Good Physical & Mental Health (N=67) Class 3 Greater Independence (N=33) 1v2 1v3 2v3

No Yes No Yes No Yes
Competitively employed 80 0 44 23 20 13 1<2*** 1<3***
Lives Independently 80 0 58 9 4 29 1<2*** 1<3*** 2<3***
Sees friends at least monthly 78 2 32 35 20 13 1<2*** 1<3***
Has good physical health 20 60 0 67 16 17 1<2*** 1>3* 2>3***
Has good mental health 48 32 15 52 31 2 1>2*** 1>3*** 2>3***
Lives in a good neighborhood 28 52 0 67 8 25 1<2*** 2>3***
Sees family weekly or more often 30 50 51 17 15 18 1>2*** 2<3**

Demographic and Descriptive Variables (Not Included in LCA)

Has intellectual disability, N(%) 55(68.75) 27(40.30) 12(36.36) 1>2** 1>3**
Male, N(%) 55(68.75) 55(82.08) 25(75.76) 1<2
Age, mean(SD) 34.74(8.65) 32.39(7.38) 32.88(6.91) 1>2
Does not use psychotropic medications, N(%) 19(23.75) 19(28.36) 7(21.21) 3>2**
Lives with family, N(%) 33(41.25) 43(64.18) 4(12.12) 1<2** 1>3** 2>3**
Age of first ASD diagnosis, mean(SD) 5.46(3.95) 6.44(4.58) 6.73(3.93)
Primary diagnosis of autism, N(%)a 66(82.5) 36(53.73) 15(45.45) 1>2*** 1>3***
Primary diagnosis of Asperger's, N(%)a 3(3.75) 14(20.90) 8(24.24) 1<2** 1>3**
Primary diagnosis of PDD-NOS, N(%)a 7(8.75) 10(12.5) 7(21.21) 1>3
W-ADL, mean(SD) 17.56(6.41) 23.59(7.96) 25.36(6.13) 1<2*** 1<3***
Lifetime ADI Social, mean(SD) 25.75(3.02) 24.31(3.97) 24.12(4.09) 1>2* 1>3*
Lifetime ADI Behaviors, mean(SD) 7.01(2.42) 6.96(2.56) 7.67(2.46)
Executive Function (BRIEF), mean(SD) 61.75(14.58) 53.81(11.38) 58.64(13.87) 1>2*** 2<3
Maternal Warmth, mean(SD) 3.00(1.09) 3.28(.97) 2.72(.83) 2>3**
Maternal Criticism, mean(SD) .60(1.40) .19(.55) .41(.75) 1>2 2<3

p < .10,

*

p < .05,

**

p < .01,

***

p < .001;

a

Does not equal 100% because some mothers reported non-ASD primary diagnoses