Table 3.

Association between pre-discharge initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs) and 1-year post-discharge outcomes in a propensity-matched cohort of hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction <45%

1-year outcomes	% (events)		Absolute risk diff.*	Hazard ratio† (95% confidence interval)
	ACEIs or ARBs
	No (n=477)	Yes (n=477)
All-cause readmission	69% (329)	64% (304)	−5%	0.81 (0.69–0.95); p=0.008
Heart failure readmission	38% (179)	29% (136)	−9%	0.68 (0.54–0.84); p=0.001
All-cause mortality	37% (178)	31% (148)	−6%	0.77 (0.62–0.96); p=0.020
All-cause mortality or all-cause readmission	78% (374)	73% (347)	–5%	0.82 (0.70–0.94); p=0.006

^*Absolute risk differences were calculated by subtracting percent events in patients receiving no ACEIs or ARBs from those receiving those drugs

^†The hazard ratios compared patients receiving ACEIs or ARBs versus those not receiving ACEIs or ARBs. These hazard ratios were calculated by treating patients without events during the first 12 months as censored.