Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Fitness Levels
| Characteristics | Total (n=9,651) |
Low (n=3,269) |
Middle (n=3,208) |
High (n=3,174) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 44.8 (9.1) | 45.2 (9.2) | 44.9 (9.0) | 44.4 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Gender, male, % | 85.0 | 85.1 | 85.2 | 84.6 | 0.59 |
| Body weight, kg | 79.4 (13.6) | 83.4 (15.2) | 79.3 (12.6) | 75.3 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | <0.001 | ||||
| 18.5–24.9, % | 51.3 | 34.7 | 49.7 | 69.9 | |
| ≥25.0, % | 48.7 | 65.3 | 50.3 | 30.1 | |
| Fitness, maximal METs | 12.0 (2.3) | 9.9 (1.3) | 11.9 (1.1) | 14.4 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
118 (12) | 120 (12) | 118 (12) | 118 (12) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
80 (8) | 80 (10) | 80 (8) | 78 (8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, %a | 24.0 | 29.9 | 22.8 | 19.2 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 205.2 (40.6) |
209.5 (37.9) |
205.7 (36.9) |
200.4 (45.9) |
<0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.3 (13.7) | 45.5 (12.7) | 48.9 (13.4) | 53.4 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 132.6 (38.5) |
135.8 (35.7) |
133.5 (34.6) |
128.5 (44.3) |
<0.001 |
| TGs, mg/dL | 116.7 (78.9) |
140.9 (91.5) |
116.4 (78.8) |
92.2 (53.0) |
<0.001 |
| Current smoker, % | 12.4 | 18.0 | 11.7 | 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Heavy drinker, %b | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 0.02 |
| Physically inactive, %c | 18.1 | 35.9 | 13.4 | 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Parental history of cardiovascular disease, % |
29.3 | 30.2 | 29.0 | 28.5 | 0.13 |
Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.
HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET = metabolic equivalent; TGs = triglycerides.
a
Defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or physician-diagnosis.
b
Defined as alcohol drinks >14 per week for men and >7 alcohol drinks per week for women.
c
Defined as no leisure-time physical activity in the 3 months before the examination.