Table 1.

Changes in the physiological parameters of wheat plants after various exogenous SA treatments.

	Length (cm)		Quantum yield of PSII (Photosystem II)	MDA (nmol g-1 FW)
	Shoot	Root		Leaf	Root
Control	23.3 ± 1.8	18.0 ± 2.8	0.672 ± 0.037	3.95 ± 0.50	1.65 ± 0.20
SA-ss	22.7 ± 1.6	19.9 ± 3.1∗	0.679 ± 0.001	3.62 ± 0.70	1.61 ± 0.30
SA-h	17.5 ± 1.9∗∗∗	8.4 ± 1.8∗∗∗	0.621 ± 0.049	15.2 ± 1.80∗∗∗	0.37 ± 0.00∗∗

SA-ss, seed soaking in 0.5 mM SA prior to sowing; SA-h, 0.5 mM SA addition to the hydroponic solution for 1 days; ^∗, ^∗∗, ^∗∗∗ significant differences compared to the control plants at the p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively.