Table 5.

DNA damage from nano and bulk forms of aspirin and ibuprofen in the lymphocytes from patient groups and healthy individuals compared to untreated lymphocytes in the Comet assay (Olive Tail moments, A) (%Tail DNA, B).

(A)
Study groups	Untreated lymphocytes OTM	ASP B OTM	ASP N OTM	IBU B OTM	IBU N OTM
Healthy individuals	2.83 ± 0.40	3.33 ± 0.80¥¥	2.1 ± 0.3**‡‡	3.97 ± 1.00	2.08 ± 0.50**
Asthma	3.03 ± 0.43	7.42 ± 0.93¥¥	4.02 ± 0.72**	6.21 ± 0.86	4.49 ± 0.60**
COPD	3.76 ± 0.26	4.32 ± 0.60¥¥	2.69 ± 0.28‡‡	4.53 ± 0.35	3.61 ± 0.56**
Lung cancer	7.00 ± 1.30	5.37 ± 1.20§§	4.55 ± 1.05**‡‡‡	6.98 ± 1.74	5.78 ± 1.50**‡‡
(B)
Study groups	Untreated lymphocytes %Tail DNA	ASP B %Tail DNA	ASP N %Tail DNA	IBU B %Tail DNA	IBU N %Tail DNA
Healthy individuals	9.9 ± 0.96	10.9 ± 2.05¥¥	8.9 ± 0.85**	10.9 ± 2.69	9.3 ± 1.50**
Asthma	14.16 ± 2.05	17.4 ± 1.41¥¥	13.24 ± 1.01**	15.14 ± 1.23	13.7 ± 1.97**
COPD	13.13 ± 2.15	13.6 ± 1.72¥¥	11.6 ± 1.70**	14.28 ± 1.13	13.47 ± 2.01**
Lung cancer	14.4 ± 2.55	13.4 ± 2.09§§	12.07 ± 1.91**‡‡‡	12.96 ± 3.11	12.75 ± 1.86**‡‡

Decrease in significance:

Nano suspension

^**P < 0.01 nano suspension compared to bulk suspension.

^‡‡P < 0.01 ASP N suspension compared to untreated lymphocytes.

^‡‡‡P < 0.01 IBU N suspension compared to untreated lymphocytes.

Increase in significance:

Bulk suspension

^¥¥P < 0.01 Bulk suspension compared to untreated lymphocytes except for lung cancer

^§§P < 0.01 Bulk suspension compared to untreated lymphocytes.