Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics, stratified by AKI status
| No AKI or Stage 1 | AKI Stage 2 or 3 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 992 | 139 | |
| Male | 589 (59%) | 74 (53%) | 0.169 |
| Age, years | 62 (16) | 65 (15) | 0.081 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 (24–32) | 31 (26–38) | <0.001 |
| Race | 0.948 | ||
| Black | 127 (13%) | 16 (12%) | |
| White | 794 (80%) | 113 (81%) | |
| Other/unknown | 70 (7%) | 10 (7%) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 84 (8%) | 13 (9%) | 0.746 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 274 (28%) | 52 (37%) | 0.021 |
| Congestive heart failure | 174 (18%) | 32 (23%) | 0.127 |
| Coronary artery disease | 296 (30%) | 40 (29%) | 0.843 |
| Hypertension | 599 (60%) | 101 (73%) | 0.005 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 213 (21%) | 23 (17%) | 0.220 |
| Admitted to ICU from | 0.244 | ||
| ED | 380 (38%) | 62 (45%) | |
| Floor | 175 (18%) | 18 (13%) | |
| OR | 275 (28%) | 30 (22%) | |
| Other hospital | 140 (14%) | 25 (18%) | |
| Other ICU | 10 (1%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (1%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Reason for ICU admission | |||
| Respiratory | 447 (45%) | 67 (48%) | 0.525 |
| Surgery | 340 (34%) | 35 (25%) | 0.034 |
| Cardiovascular | 345 (35%) | 58 (42%) | 0.130 |
| Sepsis | 192 (19%) | 40 (29%) | 0.013 |
| Neurological | 112 (11%) | 10 (7%) | 0.188 |
| Trauma | 89 (9%) | 10 (7%) | 0.630 |
| Other | 207 (21%) | 40 (29%) | 0.038 |
| Time from ICU admission to biomarker sample collection, hours | 16 (7–20) | 16 (11–20) | 0.427 |
| Non-renal APACHE III | 57 (43–78) | 69 (50–87) | 0.001 |
| Enrollment eGFRa, mL/min/1.73m2 | 82 (55–101) | 52 (31–84) | <0.001 |
| Enrollment serum creatinineb, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | <0.001 |
| 6-h cumulative urine output at enrollmentc, mL | 424 (280–705) | 185 (115–303) | <0.001 |
| Radiocontrast agentsd | 354 (36%) | 47 (34%) | 0.706 |
| Blood transfusionse | |||
| PRBC | 283 (29%) | 32 (23%) | 0.190 |
| Platelets | 98 (10%) | 19 (14%) | 0.180 |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 139 (14%) | 25 (18%) | 0.246 |
| Albumin | 143 (14%) | 25 (18%) | 0.255 |
| Cryoprecipitate | 24 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.761 |
Categorical variables are shown as n (%) and numerical as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range).
ED, emergency department; OR, operating room; ICU, intensive care unit; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
aCalculated from enrollment serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI equation.
bValue from medical record closest to time of enrollment.
c15% of no AKI or Stage 1 and 12% of AKI Stage 2 or 3 did not have urine output data for 6 h prior to enrollment.
dNumber of patients receiving intravenous or intra-arterial contrast administered within 5 days prior to and including the day of enrollment.
eNumber of patients receiving blood products within 5 days prior to and including the day of enrollment.