Table 3.

Overview of the results reviewed in Section 4, Sensory substitution.

Paper	Main Results	Method
De Volder et al. [53]	The metabolic rate of the visual cortex in the congenitally blind is as high as in sighted people indicating that it’s neurons are still active.	PET and MRI
Bach-y-Rita and Karcel [54]	Sensory substitution may offer the possibility of regaining lost perceptual abilities through the process of plasticity.	Review on sensory substitution
Sadato et al. [55]	Braille reading activated the primary and secondary visual cortex in blind people.	PET
De Volder et al. [56]	When an ultrasonic echolocation device was used to locate obstacles PET studies revealed that the metabolic rate in the primary and associate visual cortex of EBs was higher than for SCs.	PET
Collignon et al. [57]	rTMS of visual cortex interfered with auditory tasks performed by blind subjects but not for blindfolded sighted participants. Shows that the visual cortex of EBs is involved in auditory discrimination.	rTMS
Amedi et al. [58]	LOC of blind individuals was activated in the same way as the sighted controls during an object-localization task.	fMRI
Striem-Amit and Amedi [59]	When using a visual-to-auditory sensory-substitution device to recognize body shapes and body posture fMRI revealed that the right extrastriate visual cortex was highly activated during the task in both CBs and SCs.	fMRI
Maidenbaum et al. [60]	The brain is task-oriented rather than sensory-specific, supporting the “task-machine” brain hypothesis.	Review on sensory substituion