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Effects of restraint stress or WCE on amygdala neuroimmune mRNAs. For CCL2, there was a modest, but significant, overall effect of treatments (F(2,27) = 4.450, p < 0.05) with a significant group difference between WCE and stress. There were no other effects of treatments for TNFα, IL-1β, or TLR4 mRNAs. ** p < 0.01 compared with the stressed group. A, B, C, and D delineate data for CCL2, TNFα, IL-1β and TLR4 mRNAs, respectively, (n = 7–11 per group).
