Table 2.
Major lipid species detected in cytoplasmic membranes of representative Gram-positive bacteria.
| Organism | Morphology Cell/Colony | Weight Percentage of Total Lipid of Cell Membrane | Major Fatty Acids | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG | lysyl-PG | PI a | PE | CL | NL | Others b | ||||
| Cocci | round/chain | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | round/cluster | 43 | 30 | - | - | 22 | - | 5 | ai-C15:0; C18:0 ai-C17:0; C20:0 | [53,54] |
| Enterococcus faecium | round/diplococci | 33.8 | 14.4 | - | - | 39 | - | 12.8 | C16:0; C16:1w7c C18:1w7c | [55] |
| Streptococcus sanguis | round/diplococci | 82 | - | - | - | 18 | - | - | C18:1; C16:1; C16:0 | [56,57] |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | round/cocci lancet shape | 50 | - | - | - | 50 | - | - | C16:0; C16:1; C18:0 | [58] |
| Actinomycetes | spherical pleomorph/filamentous | |||||||||
| Corynebacterium glutamicum | rods/V-shaped | 72.4 | - | 13.1 | - | 14.1 | - | 0,4 | C16:0; C18:1 | [59,60] |
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus | rods, mycelium | - | - | 7 | 36 | 16 c | 30 | 11 | i-C16:0; i-C14:0; i-C15:0 | [61] |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | long, slender rods/filamentous | - | - | 13 | 5 | 6 | 54 | 22 | C16:1, C18:Me | [62,63] |
| Cell wall deficient | polymorph/fried egg | |||||||||
| Mycoplasma hominis d | round to oblong/fried egg | 33 | - | - | - | - | 60 | 7 | C16:0; C18:0; C18:1 | [64] |
| L-form S. aureus | polymorph/fried-egg | 26 | 17 | - | - | 54 | 3 | ai-C15:0; C18:0 ai-C17:0; C20:0 | [53,65] | |
| L-form S. hygroscopicus | polymorph/fried-egg | - | - | 13 | 37 | 22 | 16 | 12 | ai-C15:0; ai-C17:0, i-C16:0; C18:2 e | [61] |
| Bacilli | round-ended cylinders/single or in chains | |||||||||
| Clostridium difficile | large, blunt-ended rods/pairs or chains | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | C16:0; C16:1 C18:0; C18:1 | [66] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Rods/chain | 70 | - | - | 12 | 4 | - | 14 | ai-C15:0; i-C17:0 | [67,68,69] |
| Listeria monocytogenes | slender, short rods/single or in chains | 29 | 23 | - | 9 | 22 | - | 17 | ai-C15:0; i-C15:0; i-C17:0 | [70] |
a PI+PI mannosides; b “Others” corresponds mainly to glycolipids besides of traces of other lipids; c CL+CL derivatives; d sterol-requiring mycoplasma; e major fatty acids only in neutral lipids (NL); i, iso-branched; ai, anteiso branched fatty acids.