Figure 5.

11-Dehydrosinulariolide attenuated SCI-induced inflammation. The rats were sacrificed on day 7 after SCI. The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (A) and inflammation-related MAPK p-p38 (B) were examined through immunohistochemistry. 11-Dehydrosinulariolide (i.t.) attenuated SCI-induced microglia activation. The IR signals of TNF-α and p-p38 were attenuated after 11-dehydrosinulariolide administration. The results also demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect and attenuation of microglia activation may occur through that of p38 phosphorylation (B). Data are expressed as the means ± SEMs; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.001 compared with the control group; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle group. Scale bars = 100 μm.