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Effects of LMWCs on the mRNA expression levels of IKKβ in RAW264.7 macrophage. Each cell population (4 × 105 cells/mL) was treated with LMWCs (3 kDa and 50 kDa) at the indicated concentrations of 40 μg/mL or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 12 h, respectively. The untreated cells are used as the control. These represent mean values of three independent experiments. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). Bars with different letters (a, b, c, d) are statistically different (p < 0.05).
