Table 5.
Overview of various integrated chips. SPE, solid phase extraction; AD, amperometric detector.
| Chip Material | Lysis | Extraction | Cycles * | Detection | Remarks | Year and Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass | - | - | PCR 20 (136 bp, 10 min) |
CE | 280 nL PCR chambers Valve design |
(2000) [177] |
| PDMS/Glass | Thermal 2 min @ 95 C |
- | PCR 30 (273 bp, 27 min) |
Gel + EtBr Off-chip detection |
EOFpumping | (2005) [11] |
| PMMA + silicon + PDMS/Glass |
Chemical Guanidine lysis buffer |
SPE Porous silicon |
PCR 35 (293 bp, 50 min) |
SYBR Green and Gel |
Region for cell separation Blood sample |
(2007) [178] |
| Polycarbonate | Chemical Lysis buffer |
SPE Silica membrane |
(RT-)PCR 25–35 (Bacterial/viral, 28–130 min) |
Up-converting phosphor reporter particles Antibody-antigen |
Paraffin valves Dried reagents in the chip |
(2010) [149] |
| Borofloat glass |
- | SPE Silica beads |
PCR 28 (STR, 140 min) |
- | STR fragments Off-chip detection |
(2010) [47] |
| Borofloat glass |
- | SPE Silica beads |
PCR 32 (STR, 60 min) |
- | STR fragments Off-chip detection |
(2011) [48] |
| Glass + PDMS |
- | Beads Magnetic |
PCR 32 (STR, 40 min) |
CE Biotin label |
STR fragments Resistance temperature detector |
(2011) [179] |
| Glass + PDMS |
Electrochemical 0–10 V DC |
- | PCR 25 (100–595 bp, -) |
CE-AD and Gel + EtBr |
Amperometric detection Combination of modules |
(2012) [180] |
| PMMA + PDMS |
DNA liberation Enzymatic |
- | PCR 32 (STR, 26 min) |
- | STR fragments IR heating |
(2013) [181] |
| PDMS/Glass | - | Membrane Aluminum oxide |
PCR 60 (Bacterial, 101 min) |
FAM probes | 2-step PCR | (2013) [182] |
| Cyclic olefin polymer |
- | - | PCR 27 (STR, 45 min) |
Electrophoretic PowerPlex |
STR fragments For reference samples |
(2014) [150] |
* Cycle time including initial denaturation and final extension, if used. If no amplification time were given, the total time of the PCR protocol was taken.